But, since everything is publicly owned, often there are little or no incentives for the working class. ... If no goods are being produced, then the basic necessities are no longer available and the country can go into major economic hardships. ... He said that there was no need to plan an economy and that if people were free to pursue their own interests the sum of their individual actions would automatically work for the betterment of society. ... There is no economic system that is free of fluctuations. ... The same is true when there is no government involvement. ...

• Word Count: 1437
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In the past, these Francophones used to work as labors in those industries, where they were treated like slaves and were disrespected and given minimum wages. ... But, there have been some harsh effects of this kind of market strategy used by these corporations. ... Once the corporation has established its feet firm in that market it no longer needs all of those employees that it had hired and then it turns its switches towards mass lay-off. This is when it hurts the local population the worst, as they then have no other clear way to go to and the money and time they spent in learning those la...

• Word Count: 1738
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Concordancia did not provide anything politically for the urban middle class, and at this time there was a large group of trade unions that were being ignored by the government. ... There was much opposition to Perón's presidency. ... There was no room or tolerance for others states to participate or even rebel against the disposition since it was all backed by the support of the armed forces. ... After the crash Brazil's economic state was in shambles, it appeared as if there was no way to recover the "café au lait" alliance. ... Vargas's leftist views br...

• Word Count: 1331
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Also, Japan needed raw materials that were required to industrialize. ... Then, they sent samurai to explore the Western world, and the samurai came back with new technology and ideals such as democracy. ... While their leadership was secular and bureaucratic and they had no worldly commitments, the western world was targeting china while they were in a vulnerable place. ... Then, Japanese government became more structured with the establishment of banks and post offices and regularizing commercial laws. ... There were clearly evident similarities and differences between China and Japan'...

• Word Count: 608
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Frank explains that there are A and B economic cycles, these cycles result in different sections of the world coming to power at various times throughout history. ... Vast and wealthy empires were in existence in both South America and Africa during this same time period and in Frank's view they had little to no influence on world economic development. ... Andre then continues to brow beat Smith and never addresses any of the points that he is attempting to dispute. ... However, this fact is from a secondary source that he in no way qualifies as being creditable. ... Franks flawed ap...

• Word Count: 1370
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Then, the liberalization and opening of trade across borders led to the globalisation. ... There is no simple generalisation possible. ... However, according to a recent World Bank paper there is "...no evidence whatsoever of a systematic relationship between changes in trade and changes in inequality." ... In yet others, such as Vietnam, it has not changed, even if there were enormous economic transformation. ... Some facts are true: 76% of the world population lives in poor countries and in the U.S there are the same amount of inequalities as there were at the end of the 1920s. ...

• Word Count: 6472
• Approx Pages: 26
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

If the policy is not properly evaluated then the problem comes back on the policy agenda. ... Oligopoly can be differentiated either as homogeneous oligopoly when consumers can base their preferences solely on the price because the products are all the same, however if there is any product differentiation then there is heterogeneous oligopoly. ... An example of homogeneous market would the fuel market, because there are a small number of oil companies. ... When there is exclusive ownership or provides a scarce resource. ... If the price is such that it renders a high profit, then the monopoli...

• Word Count: 1897
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

On the other hand, working hours were reduced in other areas during the economic crises. ... There were many cases such as a California employee taking leave just to see her daughter riding a horse. ... First, the technological activity was evaluated, then investments in computerization were made and finally, international competitiveness was also determined (Wolff, 2006). ... However, there are people who think US education is on a decline. ... No one can deny the fact that education and technology are necessities in a person's life and they will continue to develop at a fast pace and p...

• Word Count: 1045
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The main problem of natural monopoly is that it faces no opposition in the market. ... There are two main bidding processes; The classical auction process awards the contract to bidder who offers to pay the most for it. ... There again, there is little incentive for the company to treat the capital well and it may use it so intensely that the life of the capital will be shortened, and inversely, the state might be reluctant to improve the capital without a guarantee of performance. ... Without competition, the bidding process has no point of being. ... With an owning license, everything reli...

• Word Count: 1848
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It then goes onto say that the first usage appears to have been in Austria. ... The article then goes on to explain that as Social partnership evolved within this country that it then went on to add the Community and Voluntary as a pillar in the process. ... Barbados first implemented the Social Partnership protocol in 1993 and since then there has been five (5) additional agreements, running up to Protocol 6 being the latest since 2013 (Minto-Coy, 2011). ... These findings were then evaluated using the applicable theory highlighted in the Literature Review as well as the general knowled...

• Word Count: 5360
• Approx Pages: 21
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Does it mean dissappearing borders, a common trade unit, no tax in trade abroad, political awareness across the world, or, in extremes, even interfering with other countries' domestic affairs? ... There is a strong evidence on the contrary. One example is world war II, which started in the middle of Europe- -considered then the most civilized part of the world- because of Germany's belief in its national superiority. ... Trade became one of the main incomes of the countries and trade required close interaction between countries and decisions were started to be taken to ease traders ...

• Word Count: 629
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There are many factors that can affect the cost of your health insurance. ... Out of the two types of insurances that were explained I think the best for a young adult who is single would be health insurance. ... If he or she does get hurt or sick then their going to need the insurance to cover the cost of the ambulance or the hospital bill. ... The average cost of a funeral is seven to ten thousand dollars and most people are not financially capable to pay that off entirely by themselves with no help. ... There are certain cases where some insurances are needed and some cases when other in...

• Word Count: 732
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There is a further criticism due initially to Phelps Brown (and elaborated, in particular, by Simon and Shaikh) which is not so widely known. ... Hence, no reliance can be placed on estimates of, for example, the elasticity of substitution as reflecting technological parameters. ... Pasinetti (1994) was compelled to remind the participants at a recent conference on economic growth that this result [that there is no unambiguous relationship between the rate of profit and the capital-labour ratio], however uncomfortable it may be for orthodox theory, still stands. ... (emphasis in the origin...

• Word Count: 11086
• Approx Pages: 44
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

If this is not the case, then more people will acquire the required skills to join the sector that is increasing, and thus there are more equal increases in incomes across the economy. ... More specifically his findings suggested that there is no support for the hypothesis that inequality rises faster the larger the rate of growth. Also in his results there is no support of the hypothesis that growth is faster the more unequal the initial income distribution is, but that inequality falls over the course of development. ... Their results also suggested that there is a negative relationship betw...

• Word Count: 1350
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In this dual track path, there was not only one single reform attempted at one time, but different programs were also tried simultaneously until the new reform measure could replace the old system. ... There are several arguments in support of big-bang approach to various types of reform. ... So the new companies that sprang up there were almost entirely private. ... Centrally planned economy was no longer viable in China; therefore changes were required to promote economic growth. ... In China, the death of Chairman Mao in 1976 paved the way for Deng Xiaoping and his economic reforms, while i...

• Word Count: 2154
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

(which was then known as the Transnational Resource & Action Center, TRAC) released a secret, internal Nike document which had been leaked to us. ... However, the fact that the countries were so used to business in this manner kept this immoral business activity going on. ... "Despite some similarities, there are at least as many different accounting systems as there are countries, and no two systems are exactly alike- (Radebaugh 5). There are many differences in the ways separate countries keep their finances. There is no one universal international system of accounting. ...

• Word Count: 1999
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Laissez-faire government believes commerce and trade should be permitted to operate free of controls of any kind; there should be no tariffs or other barriers. ... Keynes attempted to show that the level of effective demand so determined may well exceed or fall short of the physical capacity to produce goods and services: that there is no automatic tendency to produce at a level that results in the full employment of all available men and machines. ... It was necessary for the government to intervene, to 'fine-tune' the economy by running demand-management polices; these were to co...

• Word Count: 1299
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Construing from this there is no need to prove actual harm as long as the agreement is likely to prevent, restrict or distort competition to a sufficient degree.41'Object' and 'effect' are clearly meant to be alternatives, so the test is as much to do with practical outcomes as intentions.42 Regarding the 'object' it is clear from the STM43 case that the Court accepted the words of Article 101 were to be read disjunctively: if the object of the agreement was anti-competitive then it could be condemned without pressing further.44'Effect' is used where t...

• Word Count: 1960
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There is no doubt that it is very indispensable to establish adequate understandings of the abovementioned terms before answering this question. ... Does it bring more good then harm as what people think it does? ... There is no doubt that the world economy is moving towards a "post-state" era where the role of the autonomous sovereign state is seriously undermined in light of this growing economic interdependence. ... These no doubt increase the capacity, flexibility and the speed of communication. ... The shift in power would then be obvious. ...

• Word Count: 2079
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Then I will explain the sources of competitive advantage and how the distinctive capabilities of a firm allow it to sustain added value. ... Kay argues that there are two main types of distinctive capability based on architecture,. ... If the firm is unlikely to provide the service or product again, then there is little point to maintain a reputation. ... Large firms may enjoy market positions based on strategic assets even if they have no distinctive capability. ... Usually, a great deal of research and development goes into producing innovations which have no guarantee of profitability. ...

• Word Count: 2238
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Under NAFTA, investors no longer need government approval to invest and are treated as domestic investors. ... Before MERCOSUR there was ALALC, the Latin American Free Trade Association. ... This encouraged economic growth and increased actions and agreements between countries that previously had no connections. ... Since then the EFTA has worked to strengthen its relationship with the European Community. ... The increase in employment and investment then leads to increased national income. ...

• Word Count: 3714
• Approx Pages: 15
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

For example, a typical Ghanaian family has no portable water, electricity and other basic amenities. Actually, there are also some other African countries sharing the same situation or even worse. ... There were only some exceptions that were built to move troops to make oppression easier. ... Thus, the Ghanaians living in the colonial region had no access to acquire the "modern" skills from the westerners. ... The political instability then greatly hindered the economic development. ...

• Word Count: 1713
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Workers are then laid off, or their salaries reduced, further reducing consumer demand. ... However, capitalism does not end there. ... Consumer demand will increase when commodities were sold at a cheaper price. ... Even though tulip traders in Holland suffered serious economic losses, the national economy was not affected much because there was no sufficient integration across the economic spectrum to channel the effects of one crisis to the whole economy. ... In particular, no country was spared from its effects as international trade dropped by 50%. ...

• Word Count: 1750
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Introduction There is no doubt that a successful organization has to have proper strategies, marketing and effective management. ... Severe Acute Respiratory Symptom (SARS), a deadly virus with no cure, was spreading furiously around the world. ... However, 3M did not increase the price despite that they could have got great profit since then. ... In contrast, some companies adopted obstructive response: millions of surgical masks were imported and manufactured after the out break had begun. However, some of the masks had germs over 90 times than normal level; some of them were actually...

• Word Count: 1287
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Then finally the Stabilization Plan of 1959 was designed to open the doors to the entry of goods and foreign capital. ... Shipbuilding, steel, chemicals, textiles, and footwear were some of the main industries. ... As a result, the public deficit increased and there was a steep fall in commercial surpluses. ... Finally in 1977, the Moncloa Pacts were adopted which lessened the value of the peseta. ... Since then, and in all regard to need, monetary and fiscal policy has been provided. ...

• Word Count: 2349
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate