American Court System Life with No Possibility of Parole Imagine receiving a 25-year prison sentence with no possible chance of parole. There is not even a way the sentence can be reduced from the start. ... Present day mandatory minimum sentencing laws were established during the early 1970's. ... Mandatory minimums sounded like a great idea when they were passed- (4). ... The vast majority says no. ...

• Word Count: 1958
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

As of this moment there are many juveniles being sentenced to detention facilities as harsh punishments. ... The juvenile justice system was first set in place to provide rehabilitation for the juveniles seeing that there were more issues other than them just being a bad apple. Juvenile courts were designed to be flexible, informal, and they were also focusing on the rehabilitation of the delinquents. ... People wonder why the juveniles come out of these detention centers worst off then when they went in, and that is because there was no rehabilitation. The justice system is incarcerating the ...

• Word Count: 907
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It is older then the Roman Empire, and has changed much since it's first use. ... There is no question that the up front costs of the death penalty are significantly higher than for equivalent life without parole cases. ... And, there is, in fact, no proof that those 11 executed were innocent. ... Not only were they at least 50% in error with their 23 "innocents executed" claim, but 60% of those cases, were not sentenced to death. ... There is, in fact, no proof that an innocent has been executed since 1900. ...

• Word Count: 2839
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

These laws were influenced by a 1972 U.S. ... The court had banned the death penalty as it was then imposed. ... Most were abolished in the 1800's. ... Until I can be sure that everyone sentenced to death in Illinois is truly guilty, until I can be sure with moral certainty that no innocent man or woman is facing a lethal injection, no one will meet that fate.'' ... In earlier times, there would have been no possible way for the court to see that they were innocent, leading to their likely execution. ...

• Word Count: 1346
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

If the death penalty is removed, then criminals will feel that the gains of an illegal action will outweigh the risk of consequences. ... In America, hanging was the most common method of execution, firing squads were also used, until about 1900. ... (F) Some people might say that no one life is more important than another life, but one life is not more important than seventeen other lives. ... This argument is invalid because in more recent times there is DNA evidence to convict a killer with almost perfect certainty. ... Since lethal injection does not violate the Eighth Amendment because it...

• Word Count: 874
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

They start by asking why most people do not commit crimes rather then why they do commit them. ... There are four main attributes to the social bond; attachment, commitment, involvement, and beliefs. ... Academic incompetence leads to poor school performance that in turn leads to dislike in school that then leads to rejection of teachers and authority then finally results in acts of delinquency. ... These youth tend to lake guidance simply because the parenting is not there. ... Arriving home from school with no one to meet them, eating dinner alone sometimes because mom had to work late. ...

• Word Count: 2364
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Additionally, for years, Blacks were unable to serve on juries, clearly affecting the way both Blacks and whites were tried. ... Additionally, there are seven Black males in prison for every one white male.3 More than half of all black males are under the supervision of the justice system in some way.4 These two factors indicate a very important trend. ... Secondly, and perhaps more significantly, the high rate of incarceration, upon further examination, leads to conclusions about its causes which then shed light on the discussion of jury nullification. ... There are several levels within the ...

• Word Count: 3584
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The reporting of criminal acts on college campuses is an important issue; however, there is almost no way to tell what percent of campus crimes go unreported, and each universities' crime rate is only an approximate percent to what their actual crime rate should be. ... Some reasons for the students not reporting several of the crimes were because the students felt that, "these crimes were too minor, private matter, and not clear it was a crime"(Carr 307). ... This may then decrease the number of under-reported crimes due to the students always knowing they can easily talk to someone abou...

• Word Count: 1286
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There is two types of counseling in general, individual and group counseling. ... One can predict that a prisoner held for two, four, eight or ten years, then released , still with no education or vocational skills will likely return to a life of crime. ... There is two types of counseling in general, individual and group counseling. ... One can predict that a prisoner held for two, four, eight or ten years, then released , still with no rehabilitaon, there is disadvantages. ... Also the construction of new prisons brings millions of dollars into the economy each year and if there were no new ...

• Word Count: 1537
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Fifteen people were found dead, and over twenty-three were left wounded. ... People everywhere were shocked and afraid when the news broke out about Littleton, Colorado. People were afraid to send their children to school, in fear of what the day holds. ... Those youth who were paired with an adult volunteer were found to be "half as likely to use drugs or skip school, and one-third less likely to engage in violent behavior" (NCPA 1). ... Many people, however, believe that because of the decline in juvenile crime, there is no need to spend more money on prevention or intervention programs. ...

• Word Count: 2903
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Among other serious capital crimes in colonial times were murder, rape, heresy - and witchcraft," (DeathPenalty.Procon). ... But it has no place in our justice system,'" (DeathPenaltyCurriculum). ... Were they really insane before or just insane while in trial? ... I find this interesting because it is the only punishment that leaves no room for mistakes. ... Fixing not only part, but the overall jury picking system then this can help avoid accidental death penalties. ...

• Word Count: 1695
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Are juveniles as under control today as they were in the past? ... A report rendered by the National Council on Crime and Delinquency shows that a recent poll indicates that two-thirds of the people believed that if more minors were tried as adults, then the message would get across to juveniles not to commit crimes (Austin 25). There remains no justification for age to be a factor in deciding if a minor's arraignment will be as an adult or as a juvenile. ... Just because minors have not yet reached adulthood, there remains no reason for them to take crime for granted due to ...

• Word Count: 1520
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Yet, there were many wrongdoers in the new colony. ... If the person was not punished in a satisfying manner to the public, then they believed that they too would be punished. ... Yet there are still cases evident were the adultery was to live although he/she could be banished, publicly beaten, or branded. ... No such indications having been found, they were sent back to the places whence they came, by the same vessels that had brought them, and prohibited with threats of severe punishment from ever again returning to the colony. ... Witchcraft (1692) was sot after a fought with no question....

• Word Count: 2078
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In addition, there was also Dr. ... Back then there was no such thing as Viagra and the doctors were anxious to see if they could rejuvenate old men. ... They had no clue what the research consisted of; they were just anxious for the pay in return. ... Although prisoners who are on death row had hurt many people or maybe even some cases families, there is no reason for them to use as Guinea pigs. ... In their case clearly there is no distinction between prisoner's and lifeless objects. ...

• Word Count: 1464
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

I will then address the crisis of masculinity, hegemonic masculinity, and female criminality and will finish on concepts of sport and masculinity. ... This, therefore, arguing against the theory of biological disorders which links men with violence, as if this was the case then all men with these biological traits would be committing the same masculine form of violence, no matter what race, age, culture or part of society they live in. ... Bearing this idea in mind, Pavelka's bold statement leads us to believe that there is no explanation as to why men commit violence, therefore resulting...

• Word Count: 3847
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There is another alternative to the death penalty and that is life-long imprisonment. ... Also, states that have abolished the death penalty and then re-instituted it show no significant change in the murder rate. ... And finally, there has been no record of change in the rate of homicides in a given city or state following a local execution. ... There is absolutely no way to prove, with any certainty, how many would-be murderers were in fact deterred from killing. ... If the convicted offender shows no remorse for his actions, then the decision should be even easier. ...

• Word Count: 1475
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Although there are many advantages to official criminal statistics there are also many disadvantages. ... This is because a crime only reaches the official statistics if it is reported by the public, and then recorded by the police and then the person is prosecuted and convicted. ... For example, before 1977 criminal damage of less than £20 was regarded as trivial and not recorded but a change in Home Office guidelines meant that these acts were deemed serious enough. ... There are also external criticisms about the usefulness of official statistics. ... Therefore these statistics bare ...

• Word Count: 904
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Six studies were evaluated on the effect of CCTV cameras being introduced in car parks where there had previously been high incidences of vehicle crimes and there proved to be a 51% decrease in reported crimes in these areas. ... If any of these circumstances were present then the resulting sentence imposed could be towards the higher end of the spectrum in sentencing guidelines, with the judge or magistrate passing down a harsher sentence. Mitigating factors that the courts may take into account could include: a guilty plea when the offender is charged, the crime was carried out on impulse ...

• Word Count: 1029
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There have been many reasons proposed to explain youth crime. ... Eysenk (1977) argues that there is link between genetically based personality characteristics and criminal behaviour. ... If this is the case then it could be argued that parents find it harder to socialise a more extroverted child and thus will not fit into a society's preferred norms and values and will then commit crime of some sort. ... Sullivan, "more than 26,000 Americans were murdered and six million violent crimes were committed with young men and minorities falling victim most frequently". ... Although ther...

• Word Count: 2347
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

He believed that the justice system should be technocratic and all criminals can be treated, if not then they should be put to death. ... Another point the school made was that there were four classes of criminals: born (atavists), insane, occasional (criminaloids-with some atavistic characteristics and some environmental factors) and passion. ... Goring found no substantial differences between the British prisoners and the members of the military unit, therefore proving that atavism had NO scientific support, discrediting Lombroso's idea of a "born criminal". ... His discoveries wer...

• Word Count: 1589
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Also, states that have abolished the death penalty and then re-instituted it show no significant change in the murder rate. ... And finally, there has been no record of change in the rate of homicides in a given city or state following a local execution. ... There is absolutely no way to prove, with any certainty, how many would-be murderers were in fact deterred from killing (Carrington 82). ... There are countless stories in prisons where a violent inmate kills another for his dinner. ... There is legal assistance provided and an automatic appeal for persons convicted of capital crimes. ...

• Word Count: 2106
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

A few lawbreakers carry out a offence on the grounds that they have no other choice to survive, yet some do it for no particular reason. ... When a man has been sentenced to death and in this manner capital punishment honed, there is no hope to fix the discipline if the charged ends up being guiltless. ... " As indicated by Federal Justice Statistics, in 1998, there were roughly 5000 culprits sentenced to life detainment rather than 74 offenders sentenced to death (Internet). ... On the off chance that the death penalty procedure were more normal, citizens would spare cash. ... There are ...

• Word Count: 2273
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

First, there is the actual crime inflicted upon them. Second, there is the neglect and traumatization brought on by the legal process. ... There is no reason to think that Christie's view would resolve all the problems with the criminal justice system, nor would it bring about any sudden improvement. ... It does no one any good to present them as simplistically as our criminal system does. ... Christie does not provide a resolution to the case, rather he focuses on the process which he describes using five characteristics: 1) the conflicting parties are in the centre of the room and are t...

• Word Count: 1599
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This situation should come as no surprise since even the academic study of delinquent behavior has, for all intents and purposes, been the study of male delinquency. ... Juvenile delinquents, then, are youths arrested for either criminal or non-criminal status offenses. ... Similarly, a national youth survey in 1982 found that there was no evidence of greater female involvement, compared to males, in any category of delinquent behavior. ... But girls were the losers in this reform movement. ... I figure if a girl is about to get pregnant, we"ll keep her until she's sixteen and th...

• Word Count: 1850
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Crimes such as these had no biological influence, but happened to be a product of their environmental status (Sutherland, 1924). ... The prohibition movement and the drug trade policy were very substantial problems in the 1920s and 1930s (Sutherland, 1924). ... With time there have been many modifications to the concept of culture conflict. ... If there is a good amount of individuals committing crime in an area then there will also be a good amount of law enforcement as well. ... Sutherland felt that these high rates in criminal behavior within the central area did not move as individuals mo...

• Word Count: 5291
• Approx Pages: 21
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate