The term Nigga and Nigger should have no distinctive difference in their meaning. ... So they were "insufficient to task" or niggardly. ... As a result, the US Supreme Court and the Chief Judge ruled in favor of the infamous Dred Scott Case that as far as they were concerned, blacks were only 3/5's human and therefore had no rights that the white man was bound to respect. ... Part of the purpose of the word "nigga," both then and now, was to make blacks believe that they had no value, or right to be respected, and as a result, to take away confidence in any one that was black. ... Althou...

• Word Count: 1650
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Men of all races were imprisoned and no racial outbreaks were reported, "during the entire period from 1815 to 1830, there was not a single battle between black and white prisoners". ... Ignatiev then used Thomas Branagan as an example of what living in America could do to one's thoughts. ... " The Union makes no distinction between natives and foreigners. ... There was growing resentment amongst the Irish as shown by the growing proliferation of riots started by the Irish. ... By then they had a firm place in society, this was the only thing left for them to conquer. ...

• Word Count: 1854
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The central idea with Capitalism that came out of the second Industrial Revolution was that all people of society would act in a way that would benefit everyone and that under no circumstances act for only their own best interests. ... No decision was made to form a political party, but when the Republican and Democratic parties both straddled the currency question at the 1892 presidential conventions, a convention was held at Omaha, and the Populist party was formed. ... Jane Addams was apart of a younger generation of society that was fortunate to have many more opportunities then their par...

• Word Count: 2825
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Additionally, for years, Blacks were unable to serve on juries, clearly affecting the way both Blacks and whites were tried. ... Additionally, there are seven Black males in prison for every one white male.3 More than half of all black males are under the supervision of the justice system in some way.4 These two factors indicate a very important trend. ... Secondly, and perhaps more significantly, the high rate of incarceration, upon further examination, leads to conclusions about its causes which then shed light on the discussion of jury nullification. ... There are several levels within the ...

• Word Count: 3584
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It was then in 1941 when A. ... No, No Sloan (a Negro journalist), none of these is the reason. ... There was nothing promising about the Army's segregation policies and actions thereafter the Executive Order #8802. ... Then again, at that time a black man's interest was never valued to a White America. ... I believe in an equal America if there is one for the future. ...

• Word Count: 1502
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It was then in 1941 when A. ... No, No Sloan (a Negro journalist), none of these is the reason. ... There was nothing promising about the Army's segregation policies and actions thereafter the Executive Order #8802. ... Then again, at that time a black man's interest was never valued to a White America. ... I believe in an equal America if there is one for the future. ...

• Word Count: 1502
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Southerners wanted to keep the tradition of slave labor alive, and were justifying slavery in any way possible. ... The slave owners depended on the cheep labor and this would help them profit more by spending little or no money on help. ... Then they brought the point of how would Northern textile mills be able to produce goods to be shipped around the world? ... They would point out that there was no actual amendment made to the constitution discussing slavery and most of all no amendment made towards the government even frowning upon slavery. ... Little did the masters know that whi...

• Word Count: 708
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Colored families faced an unemployment rate that was much higher than whites, which caused many to be forced into poverty stricken homes and to settle in small towns where there were less whites and hopefully more jobs. ... Deprivation didn't stop there, as in Baltimore the colored folk were not allowed to live near white people, "No black person could occupy a home on a block where more than half the people were white;" (The Editorial Board). ... We can educate 'em till we're blue in the face, we can try till we drop to make Christians out of 'em, but there'...

• Word Count: 1567
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

If the subject is to be justified then a historical context for Dunmore's proclamation must be provided. ... If the British hoped to sustain the conflict and subdue the colonies then great reserves of manpower were required. ... There was no mention of the Negro within this elevated language of liberty. ... "In fact there was a notable gap between antislavery rhetoric and the realities of revolutionary politics. ... There were also political and strategic motives for the British enlistment of blacks. ...

• Word Count: 1913
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This quote demonstrates the idea that there was a lot of discrimination and prejudice against the blacks, the fact that white individuals treated these black soldiers in a lowery manner, demonstrated how blacks felt hatred against whites and felt as if they were lesser beings. There was also a great amount of generals who did not think that the blacks were capable of being relied on to defeat the enemy in the south, but Colonel Shaw always maintained his faith and defended them. ... Trip was a colored individual who was very strong minded and had a lot of pride, he suggested that no one shoul...

• Word Count: 1546
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In addition to this, there were over three thousand black slave owners during this time. ... America has no room for such selfish rude actions as this. ... After World War II, only the immediate families of Jewish Holocaust victims were compensated. During the same time period, the United States was faced with compensating the immediate families of the 120,000 Japanese Americans that were put in internment camps after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. ... If this precedent is to be observed, then there is no one to be compensated for the suffering, caused by slavery, of African Americans. ...

• Word Count: 680
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Louis were relatively well-off black families, featuring strong and influential women. ... Louis underworld, with the police, and with local politicians, and her uncles were the terror of the black community. ... She stopped talking, except to Bailey, and when the Baxters could no longer tolerate what they took to be her impudence, they sent her and Bailey back to Stamps. ... In Stamps, however, Maya and Bailey were again surrounded by racists. ... When Maya was graduated from the eighth grade, a white speaker made it clear that the graduates had no realistic intellectual ambitions. ...

• Word Count: 1226
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Also, from 2008 to 2009, only 13% of Americans lived in poverty while 35% of black Americans were in poverty as well (Tim Wise). ... there, during the initial isolation, people adapted physical traits to survive, including darker skin (Tim Wise). ... There is also the matter of ridiculous prejudice. ... " (CounterPunch) Then there's wariness around "dangerous" blacks, prevalent but utterly illogical. ... Sadly, it exists everywhere throughout the world, because no human civilization can exist without prejudice. ...

• Word Count: 1143
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Growing up, I only had interest in guys that were African-American. ... During the slavery period interracial marriages were illegal, and slaves were not able to get married either. Though there were freed slaves, which was very rare, they weren't able to marry outside of their race, but during that time it was okay for slave owners to rape and molest Black slaves. ... Were you afraid to tell the person you like, your friends, or even your family members because you were afraid that they would judge you? ... Its crazy because some of them were dark-skinned, they didn't want us there...

• Word Count: 1895
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There were certain adverse economic conditions and social issues that affected the dynamics of the family because of the daily pressure and strains that the mom had to endure and as a result the relationship between Essie Mae and her mom suffered. ... In her quest of "trying to learn the white folks secret (p.41)", the normal, usual activities of a nine year old child were disrupted by societal issues of race that were prevalent in the neighborhood environment. ... Essie Mae observes, "I began to think about how Miss Pearl and Raymond's people and how they hated Mama for no reason at all ...

• Word Count: 2352
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There are multiple scenes in Django Unchained where Django is riding into various towns on a horse. ... The white man then proceeds to ask Django to spell his name, questioning Django's intellectual capacity. Django then spells his name for the man clearly and effectively. ... There is still a significant amount of tension amongst whites and blacks throughout the United States. ... There is no way we will be able to combat the issue of racism in our country, if we continue to allow the use of objects such as the Confederate flag, which still carries a significant racist connotation. ...

• Word Count: 1597
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Africans were seen as sole commodities. ... For decades they were viewed as animals with no access to inalienable human rights. ... It led to no immediate legal changes but it was amongst the first to regard Africans as humans who deserved their individual rights and freedom. ... The Africans were never slaves but despite that the people of our country still treated them as if they were, simply because they were black. ... Black women were viewed as sex symbols; they were believed to promote promiscuity and were forced to sexually please their owners. ...

• Word Count: 2862
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Equality: Why We Can't Get There Racial and economic equality in the United States is impossible. ... However, human beings have no available means to destroy this demon, and hope exists only in the attempts at minimizing the damage to our country. ... Unfortunately, many of this country's forefathers believed that blacks were less than human. In an attempt to justify slavery, Americans constructed images and definitions of black that were sub-standard and inadequate. ... Just as there will never be equality amongst the races, because of flaws in social mindsets, there will nev...

• Word Count: 884
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Growing up in Westfield, since there were so little blacks, Paul was forced to go to school with the white children. ... Paul treated everyone as if they were all the same color nobody had preference. ... Paul was then (unfittingly) listed on the FBI list as a danger to national security because J. ... At first when I started to read this book I wasn't at all interested in it, I was merely reading it for an assignment for school and had no intention of retaining any information. ... This book also related to the class lectures that were (are) receiving at the time. ...

• Word Count: 1652
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Instead, white people and black people were both the same neutral skin color.... Although these policies aren't as necessary now as they were back then, many policies regarding minorities and minority treatment are still around today, one policy being affirmative action. ... For many decades now, our government has been treating people differently based on their skin color, causing no one to be or feel equal towards one another. ... There is no balance present between minorities and non-minorities; instead both groups are still suffering all while blacks are being stigmatized as we see wi...

• Word Count: 1605
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Africans were seized from their native land, and sold into lives of servitude into a foreign land. ... Some Africans have indeed become wealthy within then white world and do not require assistance - yet it would be unfair to slender them their share; did they not also once suffer? It is equally impossible to prove whether or not someone actually was a slave, or how long they had been slaves; no records of such history were ever kept. ... In total, no governing body can be sure of who these reparations ought to be distributed to, nor what form they ought to take. ... Is there a certain gro...

• Word Count: 1457
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

He then hires the white street lawyer Jake Brigance as his attorney, who also defended his brother in a different case. ... There's no 1980s documentary reality to the unfocussed digital projections of Ku Klux Klan rallies and NAACP protest marches.... (Baldassarro) It is certainly not likely that a book that has no current-day relevance anymore would receive such a treatment. 4. ... Firstly, there will be a closer look on the de-factor-segregation between black and white people, then on the racial discrimination going on during the crucial phase of jury selection, and eventually the ine...

• Word Count: 4938
• Approx Pages: 20
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

However, that was not his overall goal and there are those authors who believe that Hughes appealed to a couple of different cultures or groups. ... I washed in the Euphrates when sunrises were youthful. ... The following day there will be the features in the paper: Man threatens landlord; Tenant held no bail; Negro is sentenced 90 days' imprisonment. ... Be that as it may, the occupant gets assistance from no one. ... The occupant is then captured and sent to jail, symbolizing a hopeless scenario, as well as one that turns more awful if African Americans endeavor to battle for their...

• Word Count: 1762
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

On the contrast of the market revolution in the North, however, white planters in southern colonies were still relying heavily on their profitable "King Cotton"" and thus relying on slavery, making no responses to social changes at all. ... Given that the Westward Expansion was advancing rapidly, more and more empty land was then put to use as cotton field. ... However, blacks were not alone; Native Americans experienced even worse situations; they were totally excluded from the Anglo world. ... At that time, there was no more land for them. ... Native Americans were actually not given many ch...

• Word Count: 1187
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

If reason and moral suasion are indeed able to overthrow white supremacy, then killing whites would be a counterproductive strategy. ... It is worth noting right off that if reason and moral suasion were capable of bringing about such changes in white people, the world would have long ago undergone a drastic transformation. ... If such cherished ideals of social and religious humanism have failed for over 500 years, then it is time to try a new tactic. ... There several objections to this conclusion, both of which do not preclude one's support for this course of action. ... But Cone also...

• Word Count: 953
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate