Even Africa as a whole follows this: Marlow decision to voyage to Africa was based on his presumptions of the physical landscape and features; his actual expedition, however, proved to expose a much darker and richer side. ... Since Africa was called the ˜dark continent' in that time period, the name certainly is fitting. ... Looking deeper, "Heart of Darkness " also alludes to the mysterious vibe that Africa puts out. ... This statement proves to be quite nave when Marlow realizes that Africa is not a place to be enlightened in. ... He also WAY exaggerates some of romantic liter...

• Word Count: 834
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Over time, the use of these foreign languages penetrated virtually all the sectors of the African world with an exceptional dominance in the fields of literature and world politics. ... Study Background A persisting struggle in African literature in the face of the influence of foreign languages, over the past decades, has remained the deliberate use of both foreign and indigenous languages as well as styles of writing to create a significant difference between the African literature and those of other continents. ... Therefore, without the use of African languages in works of art, African lit...

• Word Count: 796
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In a diverse and constantly changing society, the issue of censoring classic literatures has long been controversial; does the novel Adventures of Huckleberry Finn perpetuate racism, or does it have literature value? ... The highly debated arguments make it one of the most controversial novel in American literature. ... African American students and their parents do not believe that the racial slur in the novel such as "nigger," that occurs throughout the entire novel, should be exposed in literature. ... Both African Americans students and parents find it tremendously offensive and are adama...

• Word Count: 640
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

These formalists thought of literature as art and broke it down as such, taking familiar works and looking at them in new ways, just as abstract artists do. In formalism the breakdown and analysis of the rudimentary structures gives new interpretations on previous works of literature. An example of this would be, 4while Othello may be an African Moor, no amount of scholarship about the history of African Moors will be of much interest to the formalist, since the meaning of Othello's blackness can only be understood by looking at how his race is combined with other elements within the...

• Word Count: 455
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In the early 1900s, particularly in the 1920s, African-American literature, art, music, dance, and social commentary began to flourish in Harlem, a section of New York City. ... The Harlem Renaissance is a term used to describe a flowering of African-American literature and art in the 1920s, mainly in the Harlem district of New York City. More than a literary movement, the Harlem Renaissance exalted the unique culture of African-Americans and redefined African-American expression. ... African-Americans was encouraged to celebrate their heritage. ... Never before had so many Americans read the ...

• Word Count: 783
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The article, "Diffusion of Labor standards from origin to host countries: cross country evidence from multinational companies in Africa", was written by Merina Ali and Adnan Seric (2014). ... Diffusion of labor standards from countries of origin to host was examined using a cross country analysis of MNCs operating in Africa. They used dataset from UNIDO's Africa Investor Survey, data collected in 2010 where more than 1300 firms were used from 19 countries. ... Significance of the Study It contributed to existing Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) literature in two ways namely, it ...

• Word Count: 1207
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It was when Maya returned to live with her grandmother that she discovered reading, great literature and the endless possibilities of her creativity. ... She later met the renowned African American dancer and choreographer Alvin Ailey with whom she formed the unsuccessful dance team ˜Al and Rita'. ... While in Ghana, Angelou also secured jobs as a writer for "The Ghanaian Times", a feature editor for "The African Review", and as a freelance writer for "The Ghanaian Broadcasting Corporation". ... She was also involved in the African American Expatriate community and this is when sh...

• Word Count: 884
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

INDRODUCTION Whether there is an American novel literature or not, is no longer in doubt. ... When though would be a genuine fully fledged literature of America? ... The colonists were Europeans, together with Africans or involuntary' immigrants, brought by slave trade. Writing in America was therefore subsumed within the one great literature-English literature- Henry James's has noted; No state, in the European sense of the word, and indeed barely a specific natural name. ... While the most interesting achievement of American fiction lie not in realism but in abstrac...

• Word Count: 455
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Which according to the respected Nigerian who won the Nobel Prize for Literature, Wole Soyinka, is the inherent problem. Consistent with Soyinka, "there was no sense of Lagos as what it is- a modern African state", he was also quoted within this article of the Guardian paper stating, "the worst aspect of colonialist and patronizing attitudes to Africa". ... Because at the end of the day a person watching this documentary in Texas, who has never been or lacks knowledge of Africa, will inevitable think, as I have, that this is representation of the whole nation, which is fa...

• Word Count: 1103
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Perman has written yet another book on the aftermath of the Civil War, "Emancipation and Reconstruction, 1862-1879" focuses on the issues and literature produces on the events following the Civil War. ... Perman examines the historical accounts and the literature produced in the 1950s and 60s about the controversial era of Reconstruction. ... In addition education of the African Americans was also necessary to make them aware of their rights and the privileges they got as citizens of United States. ... The Reconstruction though initiated by the Congress was a struggle of the African Americans...

• Word Count: 1039
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Story That Told a Greater One Woodstock immediately comes to mind; Jackie Robinson as the first African American Major League Baseball player for the Brooklyn Dodgers; Gandhi. ... Nadine Gordimer, born November 20th, 1923, lived a long, influential life as a citizen of Johannesburg, South Africa. ... Along with several literary awards throughout her career, three years after Gordimer released the titled short story, she would go on to win the Nobel Prize for Literature (1991), forever showing the importance and impact on the world of literature through her work. ... The farmer has k...

• Word Count: 1018
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

However, even the substation is not pleasing for those who support the original format, and view substitution as an action avoiding American history, and unfairly modifying classic American literature. ... Such language that was custom of nineteenth century America was the racial slur, "nigger," which was utilized as a degrading term for African-Americans. ... Additionally, it helps students develop an understanding, and tolerance of its usage in literature, upon an intellectual conversation. ... African-American students might read the, "n-word," and feel separated and h...

• Word Count: 837
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Reason for Okonokwa's downfall in Things Fall Apart The novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe has long been seen as a response to Christian colonial literature, which presents the African as a barbaric dark image. It is therefore ponder some that Achebe would choose to shed light on Africa by deconstructing and ultimately destroying his main character Okonokwa. Through examining Okonokwa and his character flaws and essentially the reasons for his downfall one may surmise that shedding light on the African plight was not Achebe's some message in this novel. ... Clearly, Thin...

• Word Count: 455
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In the early 1900s, particularly in the 1920s, African-American literature, art, music, dance, and social commentary began to flourish in Harlem, a section of New York City. ... More than a literary movement, the Harlem Renaissance elevated the unique culture of African-Americans and redefined African-American expression. African-Americans were encouraged to celebrate their heritage. ... It was an African-American company, but it only performed plays written by whites because plays written by African-Americans were not yet allowed. It was a unique experience for African-Americans to see Africa...

• Word Count: 824
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

For example, Toni Morrison, in her critical text Playing in the Dark, has argued that everything that constitutes whiteness as a racial identity--from the national literature of the United States to its Constitution to the daily practices of its citizens--is a response to the absent/objectified presence of the black Other or, in her words, "to a dark, abiding, signing Africanist presence" (5). She goes on to say: Just as the formation of the nation necessitated coded language and purposeful restrictions ... so too did the literature, whose founding characteristics extend into the twentieth...

• Word Count: 301
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Often referred to as the Contemporary Period, the end of the Second World War until the present day represents the span of our last period of literature. ... In literature, especially, most schools no longer emphasize the traditional canon of works and authors, but are instead teaching the literature of a wide variety of cultures. There are works by Native Americans, African Americans, Mexican Americans, Asian Americans, and so on. ... African Americans, Irish Americans, Polish Americans, Jews from Eastern Europe, Native Americans, Asian Americans, and Hispanic Americans gained large audienc...

• Word Count: 905
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

When Angelou returned to the United States after a performances in Ghana while acting, she wrote several screenplays and became the first African-American woman to have a feature film adapted from one of her own stories. ... Some mentionable awards include The American Academy of Achievement's Golden Plate Award in 1990, The Legacy Association National Award in 1996, The Humanitarian Contribution Award in 1997, The Alston/Jones International Civil & Human Rights Award in 1998, The Lifetime Achievement Award for Literature in 1999, The Presidential Medal of Arts 2000, and a Lifetime Memb...

• Word Count: 548
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Irony is a significant device used by the poets in the slavery poems "On Being Brought from Africa to America," "The Dying Fugitive," and "Middle Passage." "On Being Brought from Africa to America" is a piece from the celebrated African poetess Phillis Wheatley. ... Here Wheatley is addressing the attitudes of the whites towards the African slaves and freedmen of that time. ... She also tells them that though they may not believe it or want to aid them, the Africans can be cultured and more importantly saved through their acceptance of Christ. ... Robert Hayden uses his extensive knowledge ...

• Word Count: 846
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

He also believed in the study and importance of the Greek and Roman classics as great works of literature. ... During the Renaissance, writers such as Dante Alighiere, Giovanni Boccaccio and Petrarch, along with the Italian painter Giotto were responsible for rediscovering, preserving and disseminating classical literature from the Greek and Romans. ... He wanted to restore the ideals of Ancient Rome by unifying Italy and wrote a Latin epic, Africa, which dealt with the results of the Punic Wars. ...

• Word Count: 645
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The interesting fact about these hyenas is that they speak and behave very similar to the way of a stereotypical African American. It is blatantly obvious that the hyenas are being portrayed as African Americans because the rest of the animals do not sound like them when they talk or react to situations in the same manner as them. ... This confirms that not only are racial messages uncovered in children's literature, but they are making an appearance in children's films as well. The hyenas in The Lion King support this argument because they are slaves to Scar and display behaviors th...

• Word Count: 659
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This well developed and distinctive society has been centered on literature, religion, science, and architecture for over 120,000 years and has changed drastically in every aspect since the start to now. ... The Egyptian civilization is situated in the Nile Valley, in the northeast corner of current day Africa. ... These works of art were written on papyrus, walls of temples, tombs, pyramids, portraits and monuments based off religion (Egypt: Literature in Ancient Egypt). The Middle Kingdom period, approximately 1000 years down the road, was the golden age for Egyptian literature, many famou...

• Word Count: 1069
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

For example " African kingdoms that arose in modern Sudan and Ethiopia in northeast Africa were heavily influenced by Egyptian culture".1 Egypt was largely influenced by Roman culture and the hellenistic ways of christianity would be introduced to Ethiopia through the trade they would do in the upper nile area. ... For instance, " but through trade, word gradually spread about the christian devotion of this African kingdom".2 While trade was the main method for christianity spreading in Ethiopia, in Charlemagne's empire the reasons for the spread of christianity had mo...

• Word Count: 1037
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

He has preached and lectured in numerous churches, colleges, universities and seminaries in North America, Europe, Africa, Australia and Asia. ... Grenz explains the Bible's apocalyptic literature. ... (p. 215) To better understand the nature of our hope, Grenz explains the Bible's apocalyptic literature. ...

• Word Count: 859
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Although somewhat unappreciated by the general public, this work is held to be a classic work of literature despite its taboo themes and figurative language for its time period. ... It demonstrates how maintaining a stable character and possessing a strong passion for literature can help conquer racism and internal trauma. ... The community's involvement in forming the young girls' identity is significant because it "contributes to a discursive trifecta that shows the importance of communal affirmation in maintaining the African American community" (Ero). ...

• Word Count: 673
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

European rulers knew that they did not have the resources to fully attack Islam, so their crusades changed focus from the Muslims to the pagans of Africa and the Americas. ... Literate Europeans were enticed by such literature about Africa, Asia, and the Americas as Fernandez de Oviedo's General History of the Indies (1547). ...

• Word Count: 839
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate