Abstract As long as languages appear, there have also been cultures. ... Key words: Language, Culture, English Language Teaching (ELT) Culture and English Language Teaching Introduction It is an undeniable fact that to understand a language completely, it is essential to master not only the language knowledge including grammar, lexis and phonology but also certain features of culture. ... For all things considered, acquisition of target language culture is as important as language learning itself. ... It is now that the number of people speaking English as the second or foreign language outnu...

• Word Count: 2477
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Non-native French speakers are distributed throughout many parts of the world, the largest numbers of who reside in Francophone Africa. ... Many of these African countries were French colonies and as a result, adopted French as their lingua franca. ... Former Nigerian President, Olusegun Obansanjo (1999-2007) was denied the role of Chairman of ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States) because of his inability to speak French. ... It is evident that certain languages are adopted as a second language far more than others. ... " Nevertheless, the increasing use of languages such as ...

• Word Count: 919
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Some bilingual programs are designed to develop full bilingualism, or the ability to use two languages proficiently; others use the native language to facilitate the acquisition of English. ... Keywords Bilingualism; Developmental Bilingual Education; Dual Language Immersion; English Language Learners; English Only; Linguistically Different Learners; Transitional Bilingual Education; Heritage Language; Sheltered Content Instruction Overview The education of "bilingual" students in the U.S. has always been closely tied to political, economic and social concerns. ... In the political climate of ...

• Word Count: 1190
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"The Use of Black English" The use of standard English creates controversy among African Americans and other American people. The main goal of many African Americans is to acquire control of standard English. In my opinion, I strongly disagree with the Americans or others who deny African Americans the usage of Black English in their personal lives and culture. ... Not every country in the world uses the same standard language. ... As a final point, the acceptance of dialects and variation in a specific language are essential; indeed, they generate changes either in language or customs. ...

• Word Count: 599
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

What should or should not be done in the teaching of language in our schools? It has been the language of playgrounds, neighborhoods, and churches since African slaves were brought to this country hundreds of years ago. Ebonics - a term combining "ebony" and "phonics" - has been the subject of a bitter and contentious national debate since the school board in Oakland, Calif., voted last to treat black English as a second language in its classrooms and to begin instructing African-American students in the tongue as a way to build reading, writing and language skills. ... But prop...

• Word Count: 825
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

According to Jenkins (2000), English has become an international language owned by all who use it. ... Kachru's (1982) classification of English as a World language consists of three concentering circles: the Inner Circle includes the Native English-speaking countries such as England, USA and Canada, the Outer Circle composed by former colonies such as India, Africa and Nigeria and finally the Expanding Circle: as Brazil, China, Japan and Turkey. ... The context of learning a foreign language in a country like Costa Rica is a monolingual class. ... Phillipson (1996) considers NNEST'...

• Word Count: 2008
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate