It is currently widely accepted that as modern human beings emerged from Africa some 100,000 years ago, this new species spread eastward, through Asia, even to Australia, before any of its members entered what must, to people from a warm continent, have seemed a cold and inhospitable environment. ... After this happened about 35,000 years ago, some 1200 generations were to pass before civilization, in the form of farming, spreading from the Middle East, began to supplant the hunter-gatherer economy of the Stone Age inhabitants of Europe. ... It was westward to this agricultural society &qu...