On the top of the social ladder were the kings, also known as the rulers. Together, two kings ruled the government, and served as high priests and leaders in the war. ... Perioikoi had a monopoly on all their business and were officially property of the Lacedaemenian government, and they were subject to harsher laws. ... Below was a council made up of two kings and 28 nobles. ... The council was led by a group of five men, called the ephorate. ...

• Word Count: 599
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: High School

Alexander the Great conquered present day Turkey to Afghanistan to Egypt all by the age of 20. ... Following the death of these two great kings, 3 successor kings (Antigonus I, Seleucus I, and PtolemyI) divvied up the lands of Greece. The three kings constantly fought with each other over territory and trade issues. ... Men were the dominant race of Greece. Women considered citizens and were able to own land and go to court over land, but women did have much more limited rights than the men did. ...

• Word Count: 1461
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

The Athenians were all about wisdom, arts, and crafts. ... All Spartan boys were trained to be soldiers. ... Athenian specialized workers were mostly merchants and farmers, while Spartan men became soldiers as a general rule. ... This is basically the same as a monarchy but with multiple kings, in their case, two. ... At the top were the kings, who were followed by an assembly and a council of ex-military elders. ...

• Word Count: 544
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: High School

In Greek culture, similar to American culture today, men ran the government because they were considered to be strong and brave. ... Early Mesopotamia consisted of large independent city-states, with each upholding it's own individual identity (religions, languages, kings, and administrations). ... The kings of Mesopotamia (Gilgamesh) were important in organizing the walls and war forces for defense and stable life. ... Okonkwo, Odysseus, and Gilgamesh are all truly made human in their stories, they have flaws and make the same mistakes as any normal man would, but ultimately they are her...

• Word Count: 628
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

Over 5 million years ago, primates walked on all fours. ... Because the plow required considerable strength, it was used only by men. Men spent most of the rest of their time raiding or looking out for raiders, so women mostly did everything else which involved lots of drudgery. 5. ... All officials did everything in his name, and conducted their duties subject to his pleasure. ... Pyramids were built to show the greatness of their kings which served as tombs and houses for their departed spirits. 2. ...

• Word Count: 4738
• Approx Pages: 19
• Grade Level: High School

All citizens could attend meetings and speak up, which would contribute to laws and policy decisions). ... On the other hand, the Oligarchy in Sparta consisted of two kings (rulers until they died or were forced out of office), 5 overseers, a council/senate, and the assembly. ... They slept away from home, in barracks, with the other men. ... Besides, the women might have to defend the city if the men were away at war. ... All in all, I think we can agree that Sparta and Athens, though very different, can see eye to eye on some of the content within the subjects above....

• Word Count: 1160
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

Below the monarchy was a council, which was composed of the two kings plus twenty-eight nobles, all of whom were over sixty and retired from the military. ... Above them all, however, was a small group of five men known as the ephorate. For all practical purposes, Spartan government was the ephorate, for these five men led the council, ran the military, ran the educational system, ran the infant selection system, and had veto power over everything coming out of the council or the assembly. ... Finally, at age twenty, men entered the military. ... Like the men, they existed solely for what they...

• Word Count: 1772
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

Although two kings ruling jointly were said to be the official government of Sparta, they had little power except for leading the army and conducting religious services. ... All free men, regardless of their social class, were citizens and participated in governmental affairs. Like in Sparta, The Assembly was still the center of Athenian government, however, it was open to all citizens, and all its members were considered equal. ... The Athenian's unique type of government attempted to make men of all social classes equal, and as a result reduced much of the tension between socia...

• Word Count: 1630
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

Artistic Reflection of the Dawn of Modern Politics In all artistic creations, a particular message is conveyed. ... As with all art, certain creations stand out as being the best. ... For instance, the Furies, a trio of Solemn Goddesses, hideous beyond the imaginations of men, bent on punishing the wicked would generate the fear necessary for commanding proper obedience. ... To its citizens, the polis provided a superior way of life to that of the barbarians'that is, everyone who was not Greek, and those who lived governed by kings. ... All of these battles are with mythological mal...

• Word Count: 1317
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

Egypt marked the passage of time with kings and dynasties as evidenced in Egyptian art. Egyptian monumental art began on a large scale with Pharaonic rule, originating when King Narmer (Menes) united Upper and Lower Egypt. Egyptian kings were considered gods and were depicted as such in art of the time as is seen in the Palette of Narmer. ... Religious beliefs of the period held that a happy life after death existence depended on the continuation of all phases of the earthly life of the deceased. ...

• Word Count: 2149
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

The Spartan men were well known for being brave and fierce, and they spent their whole lives training and fighting. Other city states called on their citizens to form armies when they needed them, and all men had to be ready to take part in a war. ... This was a council, made up of twenty-eight men and the kings. ... Most city-states trained young men for war and required all able-bodied male citizens to fight during a time of war. ... This was definitely another miracle out of all. ...

• Word Count: 2025
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

Democracy, classical art and architecture, philosophy, and drama all can trace their lineage to ancient Greece. ... Many of the historical sources have been lost, and histories preserved from the past were written by upper class men for their own edification. ... We get glimpses of women's economic contributions ranging from weaving cloth, leather workers, and grain processors, all positions that were segregated by gender. ... " Not much is known about this time concerning women or men. ... Not all city-states arrived at the democratic stage like Athens. ...

• Word Count: 7196
• Approx Pages: 29
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

VOCABULARY Archaeology: the scientific study of ancient people and cultures principally revealed through excavation. Cromlech: a circle of megaliths. Henge: a Neolithic monument, characterized by a circular ground plan. Used for rituals and marking astronomical events. Megalith: a stone of great siz...

• Word Count: 10708
• Approx Pages: 43
• Grade Level: High School