With the physical creation of earth, mankind, and gods came the abstract concepts of law, religion, ethics, and kingship. ... Once again, the pharaoh was supreme, and this is reflected in the sculptures of them, as there is a grim determination and disillusionment about the features, perhaps to guard against such mistakes that were made in the Old Kingdom. ...

• Word Count: 2152
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: High School

Sumerian writing ranged from concrete objects to stylized signs, which lead to a phonetic system that made the written expression of abstract ideas possible. ... The ancient Egyptians were the first to develop architecture combining sculpture and painting. ...

• Word Count: 2359
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School