Finally, in the mid-tenth century A.D., Vietnamese rebels took advantage of the chaotic conditions in China, drove out the Chinese and restored independence. ... By the eighteenth century, the state of Champa had completely disappeared. ... A similar situation led to the Vietnamese seizure of the rich Mekong Delta from the declining state of Ankgor in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Founded in the seventh century, Ankgor, later to become Cambodia, was for several years the largest and most powerful state in mainland Southeast Asia. By the fifteenth century however, Ankgor was in a ...

• Word Count: 3422
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: High School

The following essays, which were the first of the Goodrich Lecture Series at Wabash College, examine the concept of liberty as it has been understood from antiquity through the twentieth century. ... The sixteenth century witnessed the emergence of philosophies of liberty opposed to those found in antiquity and the Middle Ages. ... The clearest sixteenth-century defender of the older concepts of liberty was Richard Hooker, who maintained that liberty, properly exercised, requires men to act in conformance with the traditional social, political, and religious orders, which enable them to serve...

• Word Count: 2975
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Hindu Caste system, as with the Feudal system of western Europe, both saw inequality as natural, yet it was not until the seventeenth century that, by virtue of their humanity, all humans were thought to be born equal. ... It was the social contract theorists, Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau, who first arrived at explanations of inequality in the eighteenth century. ... It is therefore important to remember that whilst the concept of class was only recognised by mankind in the seventeenth century, its existence may be traced back to the origins of mankind. ... Work as employment i therefore of ...

• Word Count: 3162
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The English have been in Ireland as both peaceful settlers and conquerors since the 12th century. ... The seeds of violence had been sown over many centuries, alluding to the present conflict known as the troubles'. Its roots can be traced back to the seventeenth century. The whole of Ireland was governed by the British forces from the seventeenth to the early twentieth century, during which time the British encouraged Protestant settlement in the northeastern corner of the predominantly Catholic country. ... The blame for this, it was supposed, rested on the Anglo-Irish and Engl...

• Word Count: 4515
• Approx Pages: 18
• Grade Level: High School

The twentieth century really begins before the end of the nineteenth century. ... By the end of the nineteenth century the pre-industrial economy and way of life had almost disappeared. ... Before 1914, English literature and ideas were in many ways still harking back to the nineteenth century: after 1918, Modern begins to define the twentieth century. ... From the perspective of the end of the century, a few major names stand out as those who will probably define the 1900s – and it is easier to pick out such names from the first part of the century, than it is from the second half. ......

• Word Count: 10566
• Approx Pages: 42

At the turn of the fifteenth century composers moved away from counterpoint that involved the piece being built off the top voice, instead composers began to implement more equality in the importance of each voice in the texture. ... However by the end of the sixteenth century the centers of publishing spread throughout more of Europe as the rise in saturation of music promoted competition amongst publishers and composers. ... Other important composers included Ockeghem (1420-1497) who served the king of France for half a century and Busnoys (1430-1492) who served Charles the Bold, Mary of B...

• Word Count: 2548
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In sixteenth and early seventeenth century in England women's attractiveness were played by the "practical visibility and erotic half-concealment"(Korhonen 335). Therefore in England in sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries identity of ideal beautiful woman was considered by the dress, gesture and comportment that she was presenting and wearing. ... To posit "the phallic body" as the "true, enduring sex object of Western culture" in place of "any female version of beauty" is to radically alter the paradigms inherited from the eighteenth century. ... With all beauty industries raising ...

• Word Count: 3143
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Many critics often argue that the male writers of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries used their writing and their characters to discuss the feelings they have about class. ... Katherine and women of her type were not considered "proper- and were not very common in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. "With the decline of family as an economic unit of production, however, the role of the housewife in the late sixteenth century England was beginning to shift from that of a skilled producer to savvy consumer- (Korda, Shakespeare Quarterly, 110). ...

• Word Count: 2530
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

It is noteworthy that the time of William Shakespeare was the playwright of the early Renaissance and he was born in the sixteenth century and died in the early seventeenth century and mentions where great importance, the wars that were raised in Back then, the highlight in science, politics, religion, culture and natural disasters. ... Born in Stratford England in 1564, six years before begins his reign Elizabeth I or also called during this period (XVI century) England was weak, sparse population, rather poor, obscured and poorly known outside. ... This test type allows explanatory, conte...

• Word Count: 2527
• Approx Pages: 10

Certain aspects of seventeenth century philosophy left room for human err, such as the easily influenced mind and its ability to misrepresent information, beside the already prevalent social tension amongst classes of the time that would have a eruptive impact society's subconscious. ... The highest ideology of nineteenth century liberalism was that economically, maximum freedom would only come as the result of the limited power of government. ...

• Word Count: 3737
• Approx Pages: 15
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The ancient Egyptians are considered among many to be the civilization upon which much of the western world's views and attitudes are based. From religion, to architecture, and art have been handed down generation to generation and improved along the way. Many of the ancient Egyptian traditions have...

• Word Count: 2819
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: High School

Another example of these great known works is Lady with the Unicorn, which was produced towards the end of the fifteenth century, in the Loire Vally. ... By the mid seventeenth century the political and cultural climate affected the tapestry weaving industry, and in 1665 an ancient tapestry workshop at Aubusson was granted a royal charter to produce coarser, and cheaper commercial wall-hangings for the modest homes of those other than the rich and famous. French tapestries in the eighteenth century were elegant and romantic. ... Traditional European tapestry makers were struggling to exist t...

• Word Count: 3570
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: High School

Around 1400, the first Clavichord was built; however, it was the most popular about 3 centuries later during the music of Bach. ... "Though this instrument originated in Italy, it was perfected by English builders in the late seventeenth century" (Grover). ... Recognized as early as the fifteenth century, the harpsichord form, where the keys are in line with the strings, reached its peak in the period of Bach and Handel. ... During the eighteenth century, a double-escapement was introduced by Sebastien Erard in 1821; this allowed fast repetition to be made. ... As early as the sixteenth centur...

• Word Count: 3032
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: High School

The trans-Atlantic slave trade was the largest long-distance coerced movement of people in history and, prior to the mid-nineteenth century, formed the major demographic well-spring for the re-peopling of the Americas following the collapse of the Amerindian population. ... From the late fifteenth century, the Atlantic Ocean, once a formidable barrier that prevented regular interaction between those peoples inhabiting the four continents it touched, became a commercial highway that integrated the histories of Africa, Europe, and the Americas for the first time. ... For several cent...

• Word Count: 4994
• Approx Pages: 20
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

History 185 Test #2 04-01-03 The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the era that paved the way for the creation of our modern day governments and societies, was an era of political and social revolutions. ... The Bourbon king Louis XIV, the powerful monarch of the early seventeenth century (1661-1715), had been the most successful absolute monarch in history, but his grandiose imperial ambitions led to massive military failure and had left his country in economic ruin. ... This code was his crowning achievement and a masterpiece of law, in which he and his commissions filtered th...

• Word Count: 4395
• Approx Pages: 18
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Among other important amendments are the Thirteenth (1865), which abolished slavery; the Fourteenth (1868), which granted citizenship rights to former slaves and guaranteed to every citizen due process and equal protection of the laws; the Fifteenth (1870), which granted voting rights to former male slaves; the Seventeenth (1913), which provided for the direct election of U.S. senators; the Nineteenth (1920), which established woman suffrage; the Twenty-Second (1951), which limited a president to a maximum of two elected terms in office; and the Twenty-Sixth (1971), which extended voting right...

• Word Count: 3105
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In the late second century BC, an imperial university was established which trained people for government service. ... During the fifth century, the Yamato emperors began to achieve some unification of the clans. ... During the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD, a variety of social and economic causes brought the downfall of the Han dynasty. ... (Wang 57) During the second century, Taoism was recognized as the official religion of China for several brief periods. ... Buddhism filtered into China from India and central Asia from the 1st to the 6th century. ...

• Word Count: 5107
• Approx Pages: 20
• Grade Level: High School

For the next eight centuries, writers in Europe (especially Italy) enjoyed the style, creating many popular tales. It was then in the salons of late seventeenth century France, that the style gained its title. ... In the late nineteenth century, an Englishman, Andrew Lang, published a collection of multicultural tales, making a stance on an issue one hundred years before the rest of the world caught on. ...

• Word Count: 2627
• Approx Pages: 11

During the Norse invasions the manuscripts were tossed about in water; an estimate of three hundred manuscripts survived that were written before the seventeenth century (Hazard, Benjamin James. ... The works illustrated the social role fulfilled by "hereditary" learned families in Gaelic Ireland; sixteenth-century scribes had the early manuscripts and copied them. ... The Tain was first rewritten in the 12th century in which it went under three different recensions. ... Fisher from Kim McCone is the vulgate (4th century Latin translation of the Bible) which could have been a model...

• Word Count: 2908
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: High School

For centuries, the Chinese-Indonesians had been labeled as a community that had economic power but had made no contributions to Indonesia's history. ... They were middlemen between Dutch and Indonesians under Dutch colonial rule of Indonesia, which started from the mid seventeenth century to the mid nineteenth century. ...

• Word Count: 2624
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

Wars and rebellions were commonplace in seventeenth century Ireland. ... British racism toward the Irish contributed to starvation Since the Norman Invasion of Ireland in the twelfth century, the English took an attitude of racism toward the Irish. ...

• Word Count: 2804
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: High School

"For half a century the one political certainty in Mexico was that any government regardless of party or announced purpose, would be overthrown."" ... In the early seventeenth century a vast group of puritans founded what is now New England in North America. ...

• Word Count: 2734
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: High School

Seventeenth century Baroque architects also made architecture a means of propagating faith in the state. ... It's appeal turned consciously from the witty intellectual qualities of the Mannerist art and architecture of the 16th century, and substituted visceral appeal directly to the senses. ...

• Word Count: 2647
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Abstract Psychology Theories Sigmund Freud is one of the most famous psychologists to ever hit the study of psychology. His name alone symbolizes the importance of his theories, and the name that comes to most people's heads when saying the word psychology is Sigmund Freud.  In the followin...

• Word Count: 3135
• Approx Pages: 13

benefits and threats of globalisation Introduction There are processes in the international order--driven by revolutions in communication and information technology--that exhibit seemingly inexorable globalising tendencies while, at the same time, there are a range of actions, adopted by states and non state actors alike, that attempt to resist these often ill defined phenomena captured by the all embracing notion of 'globalisation'. For example, the long term tendency towards freer trade, electronic commerce and the seemingly uncontrollable power of deregulated capital markets do...

• Word Count: 9082
• Approx Pages: 36
• Grade Level: Undergraduate