The adversarial system is essentially a party process. ... On the opposite side of the argument, the adversarial system is being criticized on its capability in reaching the truth. ... This is caused by the etiquette of the system as parties are allowed to control their arguments by presenting only evidence beneficial to their case to the jury and the judge. ... Secondly parties without representations or inequality of capability in legal representation can not be guaranteed a fair trial. ...

• Word Count: 594
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The difference between each party is in their rewards. ... In a family, the father is not obligated to help his children when they reach the stage of self-preservation whereas in a government it is obligated to help its people. ... The analogy states what each party receives for being in charge but it does not explain what this has to do with the formation of government. ... It fails to explain the relevance of the comparison of rewards that each party receives. ...

• Word Count: 767
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

The difference between each party is in their rewards. ... In a family, the father is not obligated to help his children when they reach the stage of self-preservation whereas in a government it is obligated to help its people. ... The analogy states what each party receives for being in charge but it does not explain what this has to do with the formation of government. ... It fails to explain the relevance of the comparison of rewards that each party receives. ...

• Word Count: 802
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

A covenant 'is a promise made by one party for the benefit of another party which is contained in a deed'; under The Law of Property Act (LPA) 1925 Section 52 leases of more than three years should be made by deed anyway.1 The Law Commission's criticism is that some obligations pass automatically onto the new landlord and tenant by privity of estate and sometimes this burden does not pass on, for example due to continuing liability. ... This was a significant change in the law because this long standing principle was 'absence of any analysis or discussion of the underlyin...

• Word Count: 1756
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

A meeting took place at the house of the father of the bride, where certain issues of the marriage contract were discussed; the dowry in particular was finalized and agreed upon by both parties. ... In fact, they married at so early an age that the law mandated that Roman boys could not marry prior to having reached their fourteenth year, and girls could not marry before the age of twelve. ...

• Word Count: 590
• Approx Pages: 2

When the case reaches the Supreme Court, the Court may choose to use judicial review and overturn the case Bowers v. ... However, as this case surfaced, interests groups urged the Supreme Court to hear the case as well as submit an "amicus curiae" briefs, document that often provides the Court valuable information about legal arguments or how the case might affect people other than the parties to the case, in this case, that all homosexuals should be protected under the 14th Amendment and afforded equality to heterosexuals under the law. ...

• Word Count: 930
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

All state organs, the armed forces, all political parties and public organizations, and all enterprises and undertakings must abide by the Constitution and the law. ... All citizens who have reached the age of 18 have the right to vote and stand for election, regardless of ethnic status, race, sex, occupation, family background, religious belief, education, property status or length of residence, except persons deprived of political rights according to law. ...

• Word Count: 997
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The case was submitted to a Chamber of the ICJ pursuant to a special agreement concluded by the parties in 1983. ... Consequently, both parties have the obligation to keep inder review the fishery resources in the disputed waters and to examine together, in the light of scientific and other available information, the measures required for the conservation and development, and equitable exploitation, of these resources, taking into account any international agreement in force between them, such as the North-East Atlantic Fisheries Convention of 24 January 1959, as well as such o...

• Word Count: 1673
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

Under the AJA 1999, not only can the court order a losing party to pay the costs and success fee to the winning party, but it is possible, by virtue of s29 AJA 1999, to insure against losing a case, which if won, the court may order the losing party to pay the cost of the insurance premiums. ...

• Word Count: 2023
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

The penalties already in place, would hopefully make corporations, or related parties interested in this technology, think twice about getting involved with the research. ... The legal battles that will be fought here in the U.S., will reach global levels, until a point is made to stop the research completely. ...

• Word Count: 1431
• Approx Pages: 6

Califano states: "A child who reaches age 21 without smoking, abusing alcohol, or using drugs is virtually certain never to do so." ... I wanted to see for my self, so I went to a party in down town Detroit, and there I saw what have changed my mind for good, I saw over 50 young people between the ages 15 and 22 smoking marihuana, and sniffing cocaine. ...

• Word Count: 1157
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

A system of international criminal justice is finally within reach because crimes against humanity have become the exception rather than the norm. ... Although a broad spectrum of states is currently party to the Statute, China, India, Russia, the United States, and most of the Islamic states are not. ...

• Word Count: 1487
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

It cannot exist on its own because it is the people.Aristotle's legal concept involves all people because it must apply to all people in order for the state to reach the highest good. ... Hobbes's legal concepts appear more abstract than Aristotle's as Aristotle has a specific content-based goal in mind (the highest good), whereas Hobbes seeks to present law as a contract between parties to protect one thing: liberty. ...

• Word Count: 1789
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

The In's and Out's of Political Participation In America political participation is an important factor when discussing democratic governments. Americans use their participation as their voice. By definition, democratic governments depend on political participation by citizens in order to keep demo...

• Word Count: 2557
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Austin: Positivist Identity of law: what makes the law the law Law (is) = Rules + (issued by a) Sovereignty. Rules = General Commands A command is an expression of a wish backed by a threat to inflict an evil (=sanction, like telling the child to get the toy is not a command unless it is backed by a threat) in case the wish is not fulfilled, issued by someone who is willing and able to act on the threat. All commands impose obligations. But only the general rules and commands. Eg: Prohibition of importation of corn is a rule, but one that prohibits the importation of a specific shipment of ...

• Word Count: 7680
• Approx Pages: 31
• Grade Level: High School

It is certain their laws, by virtue of any sanction they receive from the promulgated will of the legislature, reach not a stranger. ... From these two distinct rights (the one of punishing the crime, for restraint and preventing the like offence, which right of punishing is in everybody, the other of taking reparation, which belongs only to the injured party) comes it to pass that the magistrate, who by being magistrate hath the common right of punishing put into his hands, can often, where the public good demands not the execution of the law, remit the punishment of criminal offences by his ...

• Word Count: 7672
• Approx Pages: 31
• Grade Level: Undergraduate