The author seems to suggest that since slavery was accepted by Muslim leaders specifically in the thirteenth century during the reign of the Abbasid Empire, that the mindset of most Muslim leaders and scholars today are still oriented to women as second class citizens, servants or slaves. ... Here Leila Ahmed's believed that through the first expansion or first wave of Arabs into India, Muslims had adopted the patriarchal status of men through contact with different cultures and religions in their movement and not the Qur'an. ... This may be true, for it is highly unlikely for one in...

• Word Count: 536
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Therefore these masses can be easily influenced by propaganda based on religion, and have proved to be successfully employed to stand up in opposition to and curtail any movement which has hoped to change the present Islamic teachings. ... Pakistan since it came into being on August 14th 1947, has witnessed a number of leaders. Civilian and military leaders in the past have attempted to reduce the influence of religion in politics. Ayub Khan and Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto were two such leaders. An army general who led a coup d"etat against the leader of the nation Iskander Mirza, Ayub Khan was the ...

• Word Count: 2688
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In the 1950s the movement for independence began in Libya. ... When governments could not relive the pressure on housing and food shortages, many people turned to a strict practice of Islam or some other type of radical political movement in an effort to seek relief. ... Then military leaders took control of Algeria and banned the Islamic movement and arrested many of its members. ... Leaders of Africa decided that the first step in moving Africa's economy into the world of manufacturing was to teach the millions of workers how to read and write. ... Leaders tried to push the export o...

• Word Count: 1241
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Shia, however, believe that the leader of Islam, whom they refer to as the imam rather than the khalifa, must be a descendant of the Prophet. ... The Shia movement dates from the period when a group of Muslims wanted Ali ibn abu Talib, the cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet, to become the khalifa instead of Abu Bakr, who had been elected the first khalifa following the death of Muhammad in 632. They advanced his candidacy on the basis of heredity It was only after Ali's murder that Shi"ism became an organized religious and political movement in Iraq (Nasr. ...

• Word Count: 739
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

Shiite Islam originated as a political movement supporting Ali (cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, the Prophet of Islam) as the rightful leader of the Islamic State. ... Walid Jumblatt and other Druze leaders took active roles during the Lebanese civil war. ... The first success of the Ismaili movement was the establishment of the Qarmat State in East Arabia. ...

• Word Count: 1075
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The CIA even made Osama Bin Laden leader of this Jihad, back when he was an ally for the CIA. ... The CIA even made Bin Laden the leader of this jihad. ... America feared the Communist movement and wanted to stop its infiltration into Pakistan by leveraging the locals and giving them everything and anything they need to resist Russia. The United States didn't put enough thought into their actions and used powerful words to define the anti-communist movement that would have severe blow back. ... Not only did the CIA create a jihad for Afghan, they even made Bin Laden the leader of this Jih...

• Word Count: 2152
• Approx Pages: 9

Black Muslims and Orthodox Islam: What is the Real Deal? About year 600 a man called Prophet Muhammad was born and began his teachings of Allah. His followers are of the Orthodox Islamic religion. Although to date numerous branches have developed from mere disagreements as minor as who was the r...

• Word Count: 481
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: High School

The militant group Hamas, an Arabic acronym for The Islamic Resistance Movement, has been accredited with hundreds of suicide bombings and other related killings. ... It is known that Hussein's regime has had its own people executed, tormented for various reasons and then pleas with its citizens to love and look up to Leader. ... What is needed is widespread education informing the people on what is actually going on with their leaders. No sanitization, just unedited, raw coverage of what their leader is doing. ... The blind followers of corrupt governments are but addicts: addicted t...

• Word Count: 1712
• Approx Pages: 7

Gamal Abdel-Nasser's unity movement was having a widespread effect across the Arab world, which caused a wave of threat to Arab governments around the Middle East. ... Different Lebanese leaders from different factions gathered in order to determine the fate of a post-war Lebanon and discuss amendments to the constitution. ... Leaders that ruled in Lebanon: The previous system of government somewhat differs. ... The Ta"if Agreement offered an amnesty to all different leaders to unite a Lebanese position. ...

• Word Count: 1362
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

At his death in 632, Muhammad was the leader of an Arab state growing rapidly in power. ... The most powerful force remaining in Rome was its bishop, who became the leader of the Western church as waves of invading tribes swept into Europe and as the political power of Constantinople in the west declined. ... The Shiites are the only surviving major sectarian movement in Islam. ...

• Word Count: 1764
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Over the last four months you can't listen to a news broadcast without hearing about Muslim fundamentalists. Here in the Bible belt there have been times in the past couple of decades when you couldn't turn on the television without seeing a Christian fundamentalist preaching away. Our nation has ...

• Word Count: 3937
• Approx Pages: 16
• Grade Level: High School

By the start of the 10th century Sufi centers were established in which a Sufi master would serve as teacher and leader to followers. ... The Safavid dynasty, which combined Sufism and radical Shi'i ideas, began as a Sufi movement. ...

• Word Count: 772
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

In early Islamic history women have been individuals that molded the perspective of being strong models, leaders, and forces in history. ... However, even though women are portrayed as strong individuals and leaders throughout Islamic history it is certainly more contested if they are given the same amount of privileges as men are in the Qur'an itself. ... A scholar interpretation to demonstrate inequality between genders can certainly utilize this verse as an argument in which there is limited women's autonomy, freedom of movement and access to economic opportunities and independenc...

• Word Count: 955
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

All the similarities that were talked about above came into view at the first ever Millennium World Peace Summit of religious and spiritual leaders, and lead one step closer to finding a way to formulate a "global spiritual body that may one day speak for all religions-. ... Adviser for local leaders C. ...

• Word Count: 2707
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: High School

Throughout the post-classical era, several religions rose to prominence - and Islam stands out as the fastest growing religion during this time. In a few centuries, the originally Arab-centered religion grew to cover the expanses of western, eastern, and northern Africa, as well as huge territories ...

• Word Count: 1783
• Approx Pages: 7

For instance, Confucian teaches that good government is important and leaders should not be chosen because of relationships but on the basis of characteristics of ability and virtue and that the purpose of government should be for the happiness and total welfare of the people. ... My interest has been peaked to the point where I plan to study more about Islam, specifically the Islam movement in the United States. ... Lastly, I believe that in today's society there is so much negatively surrounding religion, religious organizations, and religious leaders that it is understanda...

• Word Count: 1758
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This is where he changed from a religious leader to something more of an equal rights or human rights activist. ... Other black leaders for civil rights would talk down to Malcolm and his followers because they hated white people, and wanted them to fight for civil rights. ... He had many personal troubles also bothering him, such as when his younger brother Reginald was silenced and removed from the Muslim movement. ...

• Word Count: 1737
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

He was a fan of Turkey and followed in the steps of Turkish leader Ataturk; with softening rules on women in the society. ... Although Bourguiba forbade women's rights movement which should be noted. ...

• Word Count: 2768
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate