Scholars in many countries found it increasingly difficult to bridge the gulf between natural and supernatural, to reconcile natural law and divine providence, and to balance moral philosophy and spiritual virtue. ... Around this time Spinoza was expanding a philosophy deeply marked by natural science, which was incompatible with a literal belief in the Bible. ... He wrote on philosophy, science, music, and art, and wrote novels, essays, and dramatic pieces Rousseau's most important work is The Social Contract that describes the relationship of man with society. ... There are Romanticis...

• Word Count: 2122
• Approx Pages: 8

Medievals maintained that since man chooses deliberate actions he is different from other living things and must be held responsible for those actions. ... The medieval conception of rights bears no resemblance to modern beliefs and the claims derived from them. ... The sixteenth century witnessed the emergence of philosophies of liberty opposed to those found in antiquity and the Middle Ages. ...

• Word Count: 2975
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate