From him she also learned the surprising information that the analyst's behavior doesn't ultimately matter. ... The only was the analyst does anything is by the information the patient gives. The patient directs the analysis because they are the one who is providing the information. In 1981 Malcolm wrote the book Psychoanalysis: The Impossible Profession. "The book sounds the major themes of Malcolm's work: the elusiveness of truth; the paucity of the means (therapeutic, journalistic, etc.) we pursue it with; and the unreliability of narrative -- the stories we tell to pin...

• Word Count: 1245
• Approx Pages: 5

Hippocrates, Aristotle, and Galen believed that dreams often contained physiological information that heralded future medical illnesses. In succeeding centuries, Sigmund Freud led the modern age of dream research in his monumentally original book of the Interpretations of Dreams. ... Kugler argues that "Perhaps the reason dreamers, poets, and madmen display such an uncanny sense of the imagination is that their perceptual systems-like those of the oral tellers of myths-are tuned to the invariant archetypal structures of sound and image" (Kugler 1982, 28). ... Interpreting these dreams would le...

• Word Count: 970
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

If interpretation of dreams is true, then it should lead to information about the person that would be difficult to discover otherwise. ... During the dream stage of sleep the brain becomes active in a way that is similar to the way it is active during the day, such as when one is reading a book or observing a play. ... There is no way to give meaning to dreams because they are just an outlet for all the information one receives and for the imagination. Researchers are gradually realizing, considering all of the above points, that dreams are unworthy of being interpreted.Images and sounds in ...

• Word Count: 1110
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

Although many of his interpretations sound quaint to present-day ears, Artemidorus was surprisingly modern in some respects ( Fontana 89). ... The same may be true of the brain's response to other dream sensations: certainly, stimuli such as a spray of water, a strong smell, a sudden sound such as the ringing of an alarm clock, a voice, a few notes of music, or a brief flash of light, may all be incorporated into dream and "rationalized" in some way to fit in with its content ( Wade 173). ... By avoiding narrative and emotional complexity of REM dreams and instead loosening the us...

• Word Count: 2340
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

One of the first organized glimpses into the diagnostics of a dream came in an Egyptian book called the Chester Beatty Papyrus, its author is unknown. ... In later centuries, Hippocrates (a Greek physician), Aristotle (a Greek philosopher), and Galen (a Greek philosopher) believed that dreams often contained physiological information that may be cause of future illnesses. Artemeidorus documented and interpreted thousands of dream reports in his book Oreiocritica (meaning "critical dreams" in Greek). ... That was until Sigmund Freud wrote his book The Interpretations of Dreams in 1900. ...

• Word Count: 3048
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: High School