Howard Becker, the founder of labeling theory, states that ""Deviance is not a quality of the act the person commits, but rather a consequence of the application by others of rules and sanctions to an offender. ... (Becker 9) So when a person is labeled for their deviant acts they are cut-off or pushed aside by society. ... In 1991 Howard Kaplan and Robert Johnson presented a model of the direct and indirect consequences that labeling had on later deviance. ...

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• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School