Transportation involves several selections of modes (e.g., air, rail, water, truck, or pipeline), the routing of shipments, assuring compliance with regulations in the region of the country where shipment is occurring, and selection of the carrier. ... In the port or terminal (rail/air), transportation is the main activities since it plays a role to enable transfer of goods from ships to other transportation modes and vice-versa. ... Without a network of connecting roads, other modes cannot provide complete trip making. Understanding the relationship among the existing and planned transporta...

• Word Count: 997
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The demand for this mode of transport has far exceeded the supply. ... The marginal utility of existing users of the congested roads would decrease with the addition of an extra motorist, an extra 10 or even 100 motorists would lower the marginal utility levels dramatically. ...

• Word Count: 1857
• Approx Pages: 7

Article Reviews As editor of the book, "Exploring Post-Development," Aram Ziai provides an introductory look at the discussions of post-development theory, taking a cursory look at the various arguments for, or against, post-development. Ziai expertly delivers an overview of the post-development movement, having arisen in the 1980s as a response to the dissatisfaction with the concept and practice of "development" already in place. Ziai more or less defines this movement as placing an emphasis on alternatives to development via grassroots, local and regional movements. Alongside su...

• Word Count: 3546
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Graduate

During the 1990s, literature on the international political economy was dominated by the idea of globalization. Dramatic decreases in transport costs and the rise of fast and cheap telecommunications technology have made geography less relevant and facilitated massive increases in global trade and new forms of multinational production. Whether or not such developments are good or bad is a topic of ongoing political debate. Some argue that an expanding global economy provides new opportunities for the developing world to integrate into global markets and to achieve rapid rises in living standar...

• Word Count: 7309
• Approx Pages: 29
• Grade Level: Graduate