Human testing is defined as the testing of any product on a human for the purpose of finding something out, whether it be for medical use, or just for testing. ... Other types of testing include: Genetic engineering, cloning, and the testing of everyday products. ... "His "experiments" consisted of subjecting people to extremes of temperature, observing them starve to death, seeing how they reacted to unnecessary operations without anesthesia, and so on" (Weiss 36). ... Most of the time death was the outcome of the experiment anyway. ... There are many types of tests that the patients can g...

• Word Count: 1368
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

The essential question at hand is as follows: does the possibility of great human gain (i.e. saving many lives), outweigh the certain death of many baby seals? ... That being said, from a strictly utilitarian stance, the "utility" would be maximized if we did follow through and continue with testing (assuming a cure was found). In other words, the most net happiness would be created if the seals were tested on and killed, thus fulfilling the greatest happiness principal. Furthermore, seals are not part of the moral community; meaning they don't have the capacity to be moral agents, a...

• Word Count: 629
• Approx Pages: 3

Although researchers have depended on animal test data to achieve medical advances, there should be other means of research because testing on animals is cruel, inhumane, and often unnecessary. Perhaps it would be more beneficial and humane to test on violent criminals such as rapists, murderers, and others on death row. ... Many AIDS patients have said they are willing to try out new drugs, so why not let them volunteer for testing. In most cases the drugs will need to be tested on humans before the FDA will approve them anyway. ...

• Word Count: 590
• Approx Pages: 2

Discuss how the book handles the relationship between law and morality with respect to the following: the death penalty; the insanity defense (M'Naghten vs. ... Capital punishment therefore becomes a consistent cycle of death and homicide that generally, people are obliviously okay with. ... He challenges the death penalty, attempting to demonstrate the hypocrisy and inhumanity of this law. ... Capote's chilling description of the executions adds to his argument against the death penalty. ... A defence motion to have Smith and Hickock undergo psychological testing before the trial...

• Word Count: 1012
• Approx Pages: 4

According to this view, when the use of animals for human purposes is important enough, even when it involves some suffering and even death on the animals part, then using it is morally acceptable. Animals are needed for food and the experiments which use them save millions of human beings from suffering and death. ... They must be against any unnecessary and painful experiments, caging them up in zoos or circuses, hunting them for sport, or buying cosmetics that are tested on animals. ...

• Word Count: 724
• Approx Pages: 3

(Shelley p60) As we all know there is no universal morality guiding us through life nor is there a set of moral principle that we all have to follow but to what extent are we going to test our own conscience? Frankenstein has tested his conscience to a whole new level, what he did have far pass his own moral judgment of right and wrong. ... (Shelley pg.159) Only after the death of William, Justine, Elizabeth, and Henry does Frankenstein actually acknowledges his doing. ...

• Word Count: 1039
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

It should not be tested by pressures from any other outside influences or factors, aside from the medical advice of her physician. ... If one set of criteria have been used to define death, could they also be used to define life? Death used to be defined by the cessation of heartbeat. A stopped heart was a clear sign of death. If the cessation of heartbeat could define death, could the onset of a heartbeat define life? ...

• Word Count: 1838
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

If this were true then it would challenge the very foundations of Christianity for that does state that after death the spirit goes to a better place (Heaven). ... A.I. takes Singers ideas to the next level, for Singer never had the ability to truly test his theories since he could never take the physical form of a non-human organism. ...

• Word Count: 674
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

Children are wonderful. Their beauty and inviting dependence brings palpable meaning to life, a voice that speaks the purpose of life. Their beauty contains our truth, the truth of our purpose here on earth. Their beauty and the feelings they invoke within us are sufficient to know what we should fo...

• Word Count: 875
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

I do not agree with the critics who think the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a novel that documents Huck's attempted initiation into adulthood and full maturity. Instead, I believe it to be a novel that documents Huck's moral progression. Huckleberry Finn undergoes a moral transformation throug...

• Word Count: 838
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

What is more, during times of trial a person's morality is tested. ... Yet in the face of death Rebecca refuses to confess to a crime she has not committed because it would be a lie, and that would contradict her own set of values. ...

• Word Count: 684
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

Victor's overreaching ambition to overcome the natural boundaries by taking God's creator role is highlighted in the metaphor "Life and death appeared to me ideal boundsI should break through." Victor's hubris criticizes aspects of Enlightenment rationalism which attempted to control natural processes, exemplified in Galvani's experimentation with "animal electricity." The gothic imagery used to describe Victor's experiments "I dabbled among unhallowed damps" contrasts to the imagery of natural settings "land surpassing in wonders and beauty." This demonst...

• Word Count: 1236
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

These breakthroughs have been manipulated into weapons of death and destruction against humanity and the use of them raises a question of morality. ... Animal cloning has enough advantages that it would not be necessary to test this technique on humans. ... Biotechnology companies are developing animal models to test potential treatments for various life-threatening diseases. ... Medicines to treat that disease can be tested on these mice that would increase the speed with which human cures can be developed. ... This could significantly enhance the ability to test new treatments for human dise...

• Word Count: 2755
• Approx Pages: 11

Freud claimed that people have a basic need for bonding and people have an aggressive drive or a death instinct. ... The only problem Kohlberg faced with his theory is that his only subjects that he tested were male. ...

• Word Count: 987
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She gives an example of ancient Chinese samurai warriors whom before going off to battle would test the sharpness of their swords on innocent strangers in order to ensure that one swing of their sword that could decapitate a man. ... Many Arab societies condemn pre- marital sex and children out of wedlock and if someone breaks one of these "unwritten rules" then they must face the consequences, which are sometimes death. ...

• Word Count: 1057
• Approx Pages: 4

After he witnesses Lupito's death, Antonio becomes worried with sin, punishment, and the loss of innocence. ... Ultima uses Catholic terms in her explanations to Antonio since Antonio is trying to make sense of Lupito's death within a Catholic outline. ... Is the Virgin mourning his death? ... Antonio's open mind allows him to realize that both religions represent different ways of making sense of the same issues of life, death, good, and evil. ...

• Word Count: 3136
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Moral luck presents a problem in which our intuition and actions are in disagreement. Nagel states the intuition "that people cannot be morally assessed for what is not their fault, or for what is due to factors beyond their control." (p. 99) the moral luck problem arises where part of what someone ...

• Word Count: 1504
• Approx Pages: 6

Austin: Positivist Identity of law: what makes the law the law Law (is) = Rules + (issued by a) Sovereignty. Rules = General Commands A command is an expression of a wish backed by a threat to inflict an evil (=sanction, like telling the child to get the toy is not a command unless it is backed by a threat) in case the wish is not fulfilled, issued by someone who is willing and able to act on the threat. All commands impose obligations. But only the general rules and commands. Eg: Prohibition of importation of corn is a rule, but one that prohibits the importation of a specific shipment of ...

• Word Count: 7680
• Approx Pages: 31
• Grade Level: High School

Even the "data on animal cloning demonstrates exceptionally high rates of fetal loss, abortion [and] neonatal deaths; [experiencing] devastating birth defects [as well], states Schatten (Friend), vice chairman of obstetrics, therefore implicating much worse results for cloning of human embryos. ... Consequently, cloning would result in a high number of deaths and miscarriages among newborns; it is an ongoing package of damaged children and disappointed parents. The fundamental argument here is that embryos have a right to live and do not deserve to be in a continuing cycle of being destroyed a...

• Word Count: 2601
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Title:medical ethics Description: about medical ethics Body: Medical ethics, the implementation of ethics towards medicine is a necessary tool for enumerating the various ethical and moral propositions and clarifying their positions. "... Medical ethics is simply ethics applied to a particular area of our lives... medicine... "(Clouser pp 384). Medical ethics has two roles, one is that of sensitizing. "... It is a consciousness-raising enterprise, alerting us from grossest injustice to subtlest nuance.."...

• Word Count: 2880
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: High School