Pure chemical substances are classified as ionic, metallic, covalent molecular and covalent network. ... An ionic compound is a chemical compound in which ions are held together in a lattice structure by ionic bonds. ... These electrostatic forces between the positive and negative ions are called ionic bonds. ... The electron pairs forming covalent bonds in molecules are called bonding electron pairs. ... As defined earlier, a molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. ...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Ionic bonds are sometimes called electrovalent bonds. ... Positive ions are attracted to the lone pairs on water molecules and co-ordinate (dative covalent) bonds may form. Water molecules form hydrogen bonds with negative ions. ... CO-VALENT Molecular BONDING Covalent bond: the electrostatic bonds between the shared pairs of electrons and the neighbouring nucleus. (+) † (-) † (+) Cl : Cl As well as achieving noble gas structures by transferring electrons from one atom to another as in ionic bonding, it is also possible for atoms to reach these stable structures by sharing ele...

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• Grade Level: High School

Each shared electron pair constitutes a covalent bond. ... At high temperature thermal vibration break some of the covalent bonds. ... Once an electron moves away from a covalent bond, it leaves a hole that is filled with the neighboring atom this cause conduction to occur. ... For example, when a silicon atom is replaced by an atom with five outer electrons such as arsenic, four of the electrons form covalent bonds with the four neighboring silicon atoms. ... Another type of conduction in semiconductor is p-type when an atom with three outer electrons such as boron is substituted for a silico...

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Although H-bonding is still only approximately one tenth of the strength of a covalent bond, it is the strongest of these forces by far. ... Water is able to form two hydrogen bonds per molecule, and with the addition of the weaker forces, water has extremely strong intermolecular bonds. ... It also accounts for its viscosity, as the bonds are stronger, the molecules are harder to move and separate, and this makes the liquid "harder to pour", or more viscous. ... It accounts for water's high melting and boiling points, as much more input heat energy is needed to break the H-bonds and c...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

A key property of a conductive polymer is the presence of conjugated double bonds along the backbone of the polymer. In conjugation, the bonds between the carbon atoms are alternately single and double. ... Diamond, which contains only bonds, is an insulator and its high symmetry gives it isotropic properties. ...

• Word Count: 6720
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• Grade Level: High School