A carefully managed group work will encourage critical thinking and active discussion compared to a traditional teacher-centered classroom that focused on drilling and memorisation of facts. According to Vygotsky (1978), children first develop lower mental functions such as simple perceptions, associative learning, and involuntary attention; however, through social interactions with more knowledgeable others, such as more advanced peers and adults, children eventually develop higher mental functions such as language, counting, problem solving skills, voluntary attention, and memory schemas. .....

• Word Count: 790
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Dewey believed that teaching becomes a "social stigma instead of an honor" when student and teacher thinking is done with " uniformity as well as conformity- (Dewey, 1959, p.135). ... Conversely, the goal of critical literacy is to make students aware of who obtains and possesses power, allowing the students to question their world (Freire, 1970; Macedo, 1994). ... When used effectively a journal can indicate student's "perceptions and attitudes" and how they change as a result of the inquiry process (Hoffman, 1993). Regardless of the tool used to promote student reflection, it is crit...

• Word Count: 1269
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate