Female spotted hyenas urinate, mate, and give birth through a hole in this pseudo-penis. ... In this study the specimens were divided into three developmental states: 30-34 days, 45-58 days, and 64 days to birth. ... Further, the running of the urogenital tract through the pseudo penis elongates the birth canal and creates a sharp turn. ... Birth complications also lead to high mortality rates in first time mothers [7,8]. It is estimated that in the wild eight percent of females die giving birth to their first child, and that 16-25% of expected lifetime births are lost due to complications ari...

• Word Count: 1647
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

However birth defects affiliated with the genitals typically aren't clear. Some doctors unfortunately view these birth defects as a medical emergency, putting pressure onto the already anxious parent, about how to solve the problem. ... The ways in which we view ambiguous genitalia and gender reassignment in this country needs to change, if we are ever going to be able to tackle these birth defects in the right way. ...

• Word Count: 582
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Transgender: a person whose gender identity differs from the sex they were assigned at birth. ... Cisgender: a person whose gender identity matches up with the sex they were assigned at birth. 3. Transman/FtM/Female-to-Male: someone who was assigned female at birth but is transitioning to male. 4. Transwoman/MtF/Male-to-Female: someone who was assigned male at birth but is transitioning to female. ... It's somewhat less offensive to make a reference to someone's "birth name" instead. ...

• Word Count: 1303
• Approx Pages: 5

In parts of India (mainly in the north) for example, daughters are seen as a liability rather than an asset, and many are aborted at birth or perish in early childhood. ... In these heavily patriarchal Asian societies, the birth of a son is a cause for celebration, while the birth of a daughter is met with silence and shame. ...

• Word Count: 907
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

After marriage ceremony was over being with my husband, I was put under great pressure to give birth to a son. ... Due to these privileges, I, by giving birth to a son makes myself appreciated more than when I give birth to a daughter. As a result, my husband has always put me under pressuring to give birth to a large number of children since I have more daughters than sons. ... Besides the oppression that I underwent after marriage in line with the social status of my husband as already mentioned I was required to give birth to a son who would be the legitimate heir and carry on the name of m...

• Word Count: 1804
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

Much like, girl's wear pink and boys wear blue, girl's play house and boys play sports, these are all social constructs that shape our society in to understanding which gender role we each fit according to our birth sex. ... It is evident here that parents and the community construct a child's gender instilling behaviors and characteristics supporting their birth sex. ... Further more, what does this mean to the 2 sex dichotomy that we believe in when there are births of intersex children giving evidence of more than 2 sexes? ... They hold power in and of themselves to shape ...

• Word Count: 1646
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In order to investigate the extent to which the conflict affected the status of women, it is necessary to investigate changes in the following factors: the women's role as a housewife, paid employment, sex segregation, consciousness, birth rates and government policy towards women. ... In opposition to this marriage and birth rates peaked after the war, though again this was a short term trend. ...

• Word Count: 2750
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There is no mention of women, and naturally so, because in that time, during the birth of our nation, they received no recognition in our country, and all over the rest of the world. ... Not only is it painful, but also countless women have died when giving birth. ... Wade trial legalized abortion, and previous to the benefits of birth control, a woman was a slave to her own body. ...

• Word Count: 1208
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

The confusion lies around whether to categorize their sexuality based on their natal (genetic/birth gender) sex or based on their "new" identity, either post-operative, post-transition or what they consider themselves to be (male or female). "What if a non-operative transsexual man [female by birth, transitioned into living as a man with female genitals] has as a partner a postoperative transsexual man [female by birth, living as a man, including surgery to become "male"]? ...

• Word Count: 1242
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

At first glance "Indian Camp" seems to be about a boy's right of passage experience, as he witnesses a child's birth. ... Ironically, the most important figure in the story, the woman, served very little purpose and had no part in her child's birth. ...

• Word Count: 685
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

Though there is a huge disparity between the male and female population in India, owing to the belief that the birth of a boy is much more auspicious than the birth of a girl, the notion is slowly being ridiculed and the difference is slowly reducing. ...

• Word Count: 791
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

The results from both experiments show that the differences in the response to the baby's gender seem to be based on gender-role stereotypes and that gender-role socialization begins at birth.  ... Although there seems to be some biological roots for gender development, gender-role stereotypes are still socially constructed and influence development since birth....

• Word Count: 818
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

During the Age of Reformation many believed that immorality began to take hold of the people. Women especially were accused and punished for many actions including, unwed pregnancies, "inficide", witchcraft, and women who sought to live independently or rather without a superior male. Many women wer...

• Word Count: 858
• Approx Pages: 3

These differences not only appear in adolescent years but they are apparent on the first hours after birth. ... John Money, leader of the main group heading this theory states, " Sexuality is undifferentiated at birth and it becomes differentiated as masculine or feminine in the various experiences of growing up." ... The experiment made use of rats that, unlike humans, completely develop their brains after birth. ...

• Word Count: 1744
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

The new beginnings in which could symbolize a women giving birth to a child. ... Ultimately, Kane dies while giving birth. ... This leads to both the man and woman to be able to reproduce and the pain to give birth to another living thing. ...

• Word Count: 1794
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

They saw life as a cycle of birth, death and rebirth. ... A mother named her child immediately following birth to make sure the child would have a name and place in the afterlife. ... A more acceptable answer was adoption and due to the short life expectancy and high birth rate there was always a supply of orphaned children in need. ...

• Word Count: 1824
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

The circumstances of her birth and upbringing had already linked her with slavery and migration.7 Since migration was a vital part of Elizabeth Marsh's life she is instantly connected to modernity and change8 which are also important aspects of social history. ... Since a net has holes in it many things are left behind and not included such as life-parts, body-parts and the birth identity of Elizabeth Marsh's mother.18 Social history can easily due do the same. ... Also, after 1730, every child who was born from a natural born Protestant "father" was also considered a n...

• Word Count: 1708
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

Gender Roles Starting from birth every human is given a gender and from that point the roles one must play throughout life starts. Males are taught by society to be aggressive, show power, and never ever show signs of weakness (crying.) Females are taught to be polite, submissive, and respectfu...

• Word Count: 409
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: High School

They have been acquired in life from birth and society continues to uphold these gender roles. ... Take the health institution for example; birth control for example is not covered under most insurance plans, while Viagra is. ...

• Word Count: 1358
• Approx Pages: 5

A number of people in rural regions do not have birth certificates to prove their Thai nationality. ... Moreover, a great deal of homosexual people are made fun of just because their gender identities do not correspond to their biological sexes assigned at birth. ...

• Word Count: 1216
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

While the availability of different forms of contraception has declined and birth control research has come to a standstill, many women and even young teens today are still looking to birth control as an easy solution to not having children. ...

• Word Count: 868
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

The prediction of birth for Sylvia begins while she tends to her chore of driving her cow home. They walk in the woods filled with shadows towards the western light that leads to her birth, when the character is recognized as special. ...

• Word Count: 1287
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

In Arabia, before the advent of Islam, the birth of a female child was regarded as a great misfortune and a shame, and cruel fathers buried them alive: "When news is brought to one of them of (the birth) of a female (child), his face darkens, and he is filled with inner grief. ...

• Word Count: 1031
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

Socio-biographical sketch of Alice Culture changes across time and place, thus redefining its values, norms, laws, and dress, among other things, and giving new meaning to society. One's life chances and choices, however, are shaped not just by the cultural practices of but by his/her position wi...

• Word Count: 948
• Approx Pages: 4

GENDER DIFFERENCES Everyone acknowledges that there are significant differences between males and females, even if they are only physical. Others see not only the physical but also the social, emotional and intellectua...

• Word Count: 1361
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School