In return, each lord promised to supply the monarch with knights and arms in times of war. ... From France, feudalism spread to the major European countries including Spain, Italy, Scandinavia, Germany England, and the Slavic countries.ii Ultimately, people, land, and relationships were the most basic ingredients of feudalism. ... These types of hierarchical ceremonies can still be seen in many European monarchies today, the Catholic Church and even academia in America. ... These relationships of loyalty often became so disheveled that a lesser lord or knight could find himself owing loyalty ...

• Word Count: 1485
• Approx Pages: 6

Because of the lost wars such as the War of the League of Augsburg and the Seven Years War with England, France had a war debt of half its annual budget. ... Louis XVI was unable to collect the revenues necessary to maintain the French Government and pay off its war debts. ... Napoleon proved to not only be a genius at war, but also at politics and domestic reform. ... He lost his navy, he lost to guerilla warfare in Spain, and his fatal loss occurred when he attempted to invade Russia and led his army into the unrelenting winter, which destroyed his troops and his hope at ever succeeding at...

• Word Count: 4395
• Approx Pages: 18
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In the 1550s the Popol Vuh, an elaborate account of the history and mythology of the Quiché people in Mexico, was recorded in Spanish. 2 In the older civilizations, as in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and China, historical records appear immediately after the appearance of writing, for conquering kings wished to record their triumphs for all posterity. ... In writing the history of the Peloponnesian War he limited himself to matters of state and war; he tried to establish chronology and facts with some exactitude, avoiding the digressions of Herodotus; though his attempt at writing a factual...

• Word Count: 9269
• Approx Pages: 37