During the 1990s, literature on the international political economy was dominated by the idea of globalization. ... Some argue that an expanding global economy provides new opportunities for the developing world to integrate into global markets and to achieve rapid rises in living standards "pointing" to ongoing global growth and a reduction in absolute poverty. Others argue that the expanding global economy has instead increased global exploitation and inequalities, and further marginalized the developing world. ... Additionally, there has been considerable variation between responses f...

• Word Count: 7309
• Approx Pages: 29
• Grade Level: Graduate

Structural Adjustment Programs 1.What factors can explain the widespread application of SAP throughout the developing world? ... 1.In 20 years after the first oil crisis of 1973, economic progress in much of the developing world has been very poor. ... Between 1980 and 1990, World Bank structural adjustment loans increased from seven to 187 in sixty countries. ... Structural adjustment has tied the physical resources more firmly into servicing the "old" segment of the global economy. ... Though reduction of world poverty is proclaimed as a major goal, SAP policies hit poor people hardest...

• Word Count: 1434
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

Assigned third-world economy status, dependent upon the world market, and caught amid social and political wars, Africa has not adapted well to the changes thrust upon it by colonial rule. ... A factor contributing to Africa's inability to manage itself effectively is the colonial economic system, which has been thrust prematurely upon Africa, and which has relegated the African economies to a peripheral third-world status within the world economy. ... The economy's reliance on the world market is an important economic effect of colonialism, as are the new social and demographic chan...

• Word Count: 917
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

Assigned third-world economy status, dependent upon the world market, and caught amid social and political wars, Africa has not adapted well to the changes thrust upon it by colonial rule. ... A factor contributing to Africa's inability to manage itself effectively is the colonial economic system, which has been thrust prematurely upon Africa, and which has relegated the African economies to a peripheral third-world status within the world economy. ... The economy's reliance on the world market is an important economic effect of colonialism, as are the new social and demographic chan...

• Word Count: 917
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

In general, the policy of Doi Moi has resulted in private ownership of the country's resources and the convergence of Vietnam with the rest of the world. ... As Vietnam has become more integrated into the global economy during this era of globalisation, Vietnam's economic growth has been affected by the international business cycle – fluctuation in the levels of economic activity in the world economy over a period of time. ... This is indicative of Vietnam's integration with the world economy as demand for their exports dramatically decreased as many economies around the w...

• Word Count: 1293
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

Starting of World War I in 1914 under Wilson's presidency even deepened the economy of American society, so as unemployment became an issue for the society, the nativism began to rise, and Congress started to restrict enormous amount of immigrants with the establishment of new laws. ... First part of early 20-century was very chaotic since the World War I began. Before the Great War, during Roosevelt's presidency, though, American economy was not able to achieve the progressivism despite his efforts to reform the national government. As the war began, America was slowly going into...

• Word Count: 738
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Graduate

s vision of Afghanistan as the "hub" of Eurasian integration has prompted many initiatives including the "New Silk Road" and "Norther Distribution Network", to help integrate Central Asia into the world economy. These initiatives are trying to stabilize and increase Afghanistan's overall economy, gaining access to Central Asia, South Asia and other economies. This "hub" idea, however possible, is still uncertain leaving Afghanistan's future up in the air for the integration of Central Asia into the world economy. ... But, as Linn pointed out, if the three organizations can develop...

• Word Count: 546
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Graduate

Under the chairmanship of former West German Chancellor Willy Brandt, the Independent Commission on International Development Issues examined the problems facing the global economy in the early 1980s. Brandt's panel of former world leaders and other prominent figures found that developing nations were economically dependent on developed nations, which dominated the international rules and institutions for trade, money, and finance. This economic division resulted in political instability, not just in poor nations, but across the world. ... The Brandt Reports also sought solutions to oth...

• Word Count: 366
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Graduate

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization that consists of 188 countries working to promote global monetary partnerships, advocate high employment and sustainable economic growth, secure financial stability, reduce poverty around the world, and further international trade. ... The IMF was also intended to help mend the international economy to prevent economic downfall, since the Great Depression. ... The core mission of IMF is to secure the stability of the international monetary system in three ways, which are keeping track of the global economy and the economie...

• Word Count: 524
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Graduate

Which if there they were not sufficient political changes in the world setting contemporary, we will have one more than large dimensions and economic and political consequences for the present international order. ... The forecasts are short-term pessimistic therefore in territorial terms there will be an increase of near the 36% and an increase poblacional of approximately the 31%, but in economic terms is foreseen that be but negative that that of all the previous adhesions, The countries of Europe Central and Oriental (I SIN) are economies of small size with a level of wealth by very l...

• Word Count: 876
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

The essay will then examine and scrutinize some schools of thought concerning the consequences of globalization on the world's cultures, societies and economies to ultimately achieve an evaluation of the impact the process has had on McDonalds. Amongst a number of definitions globalization has been described as "the process by which it is argued that the world economy has become more integrated. ... Currently, McDonalds is the world's largest restaurant chain with 35,000 restaurants which have expanded to more than 100 countries (Aboutmcdonalds.com, 2015). ... The study showed that ...

• Word Count: 2073
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Graduate

During the Post-Classical Age, Muslim cities played multiple important roles, which were residences and centers of people of religion, intellect and learning, crucial hearts of economy, especially trades, and centers of political powers and thrones, for multiple Muslim societies and more importantly, the wider Muslim world. ... Other than playing important roles in cultural aspect, Muslim cities during the Post-Classical Age were also crucial hearts of economy, especially trades in the Muslim world. ... Regarding the geographical extent and influence of Muslim cities in the aspect of economy...

• Word Count: 1294
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

Many authors point at the late Victorian era as one of stagnation in the UK economy. ... Pollard says that the economic failure noted by many historians could mean 2 things, either the loss of momentum in the British economy, with a slowing down of both growth and development, or the relative rise of other economies which could catch up and move ahead through technical innovation and capturing growing shares of world markets. ... He says that economies are rarely, if ever, in a steady state and in the short term investment does affect the steady state growth rate. ... He argues that if th...

• Word Count: 1116
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

Abstract External debt today poses one of the biggest barriers to development for many of the worlds less developed countries (LDC's). Excessive external debt is often responsible for the stagnation of economic growth given that the uncertainty it creates discourages the private sector from investing in the economy for fear about the stability of the government, and it also discourages public investment and reforms given that policy makers are aware that any benefits would be likely to be transferred abroad in the form of debt servicing. ... The World Bank and the International Monetar...

• Word Count: 2437
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Graduate

" In the vein of post-development thinkers, they agree that the construct of development held by the "developed" world has tainted the way development is dealt with in the "developing" world. Gibson-Graham point out the misguided perspective of organizations such as the World Bank which views development as uneven, unidirectional and capitalist. ... They particularly point out the success stories of the cooperative culture in Spain and the social/solidarity economy movements in Quebec to highlight post-development theory in action. ... Establishing a clear defini...

• Word Count: 3546
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Graduate

Continous Improvement A Need for Growth Creation of a learning culture through out the economy is seen as essential for economic growth and to keep up with the changing needs. ... Competitiveness in the global economy requires industry specific skills in addition to innovation and entrepreneurship skills. ... Success, in today's environment can be achieved only through the continous improvement of the business, a journey that spans from an initial awareness of the need to continuously improve to achieving world class systems. ... Human capital and skills are becoming increas...

• Word Count: 1231
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

One of the greatest crises our population we face in our great nation and possibly the rest of the world is poverty. Poverty stricken families or individuals live their lives daily dealing with this problem and find it difficult to maintain their livelihood and has disrupted their view on the factors of economy. ... As promising and rather appealing it may be, there are numerous outlying factors involved in poverty that could render the deed useless and potentially backfire in the economy or aspects making the status worsen for the poor. ... The increase in minimum wage had been attempted by...

• Word Count: 1355
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

Through detailed analyses of changes in demographics, the economy, politics, and religion, Butler explains the origins of American culture. ... Though they emigrated for different reasons (pursuit of wealth or religious freedom) and were of different specific faiths, these three groups shared enough in common with the English colonists (Protestantism, the English language, similar geographic origins) to effectively fuse with the English, forming a new, pluralistic culture found nowhere else in the world. ... The only difference is the character of the economy. While today's American eco...

• Word Count: 2312
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Graduate

It has influenced thinking and acting among companies but also authorities, state owned companies and political parties, all facing the realities of competition in an open economy. ... In a protected economy, the companies had faced restricted competition and consequently did not realize the importance of targeted and more focused marketing. ... A strong need is compulsory here to explore the concept and phenomena of IMC directly in the real world of communication. With the change in communication practices and technologies, integration in marketing techniques is inevitable for Indian compani...

• Word Count: 1553
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

As the years progress, the European Union's goals are implemented in different ways to meet the different needs of the community, thus ensuring its survival and growth through the changing needs and world orders. ... In the next few years, further analysis and reports of individual committees such as the Spaak committee suggested further integration of the European economy. ... It also gives loans and financial investment through the European Development Fund in these nations, thus stimulating the economies and attempting to instill some amount of political stability in these nations th...

• Word Count: 2668
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Graduate

The recent rise in the magnitude, intensity, and complexity of crime around the world threatens the safety of citizens everywhere and obstruct countries in their social, economic and cultural development. ... Another negative aspect of globalization in the 21st century is that borders are more accessible, trade barriers have collapsed and information speeds around the world with the click of a mouse. ... They are increasingly able to disguise illegal profits by taking advantage of the globalization of the world economy to transfer funds quickly across borders, particularly to those countries w...

• Word Count: 667
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Graduate

Establishing a new government only takes four years from one to another, the capital system is an irrevocable characteristic of economy taught to everyone from the first buy, and colonization and independence of a country takes less than a semester! ... Learning about past is not only learning about history, it is also sitting to read "Selections" or any magazine's full of chronicles, it is learning from others what avoids the risk of crashing towards the world, today we know it is not necessary to try drugs as to die, today we know a person with values must have an ethic behavior, the st...

• Word Count: 594
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Graduate

Economic Integration in Latin America The process of economic integration in Latin America has played an important role in the economic history and development of the region, specially after the Second World War. ... Thus, an expansion of the market through a process of integration of the Latin American economies was considered. ... After the Second World War, integration assumed concrete form in plans of varying degrees of success, the Central American Common Market, the Latin American Free Trade Agreement, and the Andean Pact, to list some. ... Nevertheless it may also hurt some sectors o...

• Word Count: 1172
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

In 1945, democracy was an ideal shared by the victors of World War //, but there are different views of democracy which become polarized between the West and the East with the advent of Cold War. ... But since the demise of socialist system in 1991 and then the triumph of liberal capitalism as well as the western-style democracy, the post-Cold War claimed that liberal democracy lays foundation for a new world order led by the U.S. hegemony which aligns democracy with the western emphasis on "civil and political right". ... In addition, the most important example which we could clearly under...

• Word Count: 1344
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

Today's Internet economy has forever changed the way the world conducts business. At no other time in history has technology opened the doors to new markets at a faster pace. While e-Commerce presents tremendous opportunities, it also introduces an enormous amount of risk. After all, the same techno...

• Word Count: 522
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Graduate