In his political writings, which deeply influenced the framers of the U.S. ... For Voltaire as for the French philosopher and dramatist Denis Diderot, the state is a machine for the creation of happiness and a positive instrument designed to check a strong nobility and a strong church, the two forces they considered most uncompromisingly dedicated to the conservation of old institutions. ... Utilitarian liberalism had an especially beneficial effect on the reform of British criminal law. ... As suffrage steadily widened in the 19th century, with the successive reform acts in Britain in 1832, ...

• Word Count: 788
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Graduate

Environmental problems are to be considered as a world problem, as opposed to national problems, for pollution affects the whole world indiscriminately, regardless of political boundaries. This is perhaps the most problematic aspect of this issue, for the solution depends on the coordination and cooperation of all major governments, regardless of political differences. ... This quote best addresses the problem of international cooperation, for if the problem of pollution has no political boundary, the solution against pollution should be independent of nationality. ... Through the Agrarian Ref...

• Word Count: 3463
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Graduate

During the 1990s, literature on the international political economy was dominated by the idea of globalization. ... Whether or not such developments are good or bad is a topic of ongoing political debate. ... Similarly, the nineteenth century proved to be an era of increased international commerce, triggered by the industrial revolution but, in the 1930s, this economic expansion was reversed as political turmoil created the Great Depression. ... In being able to choose how much liberalization to allow, governments are responding to a variety of factors and politics. ... From a political perspe...

• Word Count: 7309
• Approx Pages: 29
• Grade Level: Graduate