1. Racism
Gunning-Schepers and Stronks (1999) note "differences in health between social groups, defined by class, educational level, income or professional status have been recorded in every country that has carried out research and have not visibly diminished despite social policies such as universal access to health care, greater access to educational opportunities, occupational health efforts, or reductions in income inequality." ... Educational level is a strong covariate with health as well as poverty and employment. ... Physicians have been the gatekeepers at the level of the individual patient. ...
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- Approx Pages: 14
- Grade Level: Undergraduate