Individuals may wish to be tested if there is a family history of one specific disease; they show symptoms of a genetic disorder; or if they are concerned about passing on a genetic problem to their children. Genetic tests include techniques to examine genes or markers near the genes. ... One must be aware of the probability of a false positive or false negative test result when interpreting the results of any genetic test. "Both types of errors can occur in tests. If a genetic test fails to detect the specific form of gene when it is actually present, the test result is called a "false negati...

• Word Count: 270
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The most efficient methods are through drug testing, personality testing, integrity testing, aptitude testing, and background checks. ... In order to determine whether an individual is using drugs and alcohol there are several types of drug testing methods that can be used such as urine test, blood test, breath-alcohol test, and saliva and hair test. ... A drug testing policy should include the drugs that are being testing for, who will be tested and under what conditions, the consequences of testing positives or refusing to take the test, who pays for the drug test, and the drug testing p...

• Word Count: 2234
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

They may also be liable for ignoring the results of any drug testing and negligently hiring an employee with a history of abusing drugs or alcohol. ... Even after a 1994 Amtrak accident in which several lives were lost, investigators discovered the train engineer had a known history of alcohol, not drug, abuse. ... The idea of drug testing employees has good reasons. If employees are explained the reasons for testing and random testing to done fairly, I think not too many people would find a problem with it. ... Drug companies that do not test will go bust. ...

• Word Count: 898
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

A press report claimed that in the 2014 national graduation examinations, where students could pick one out of four subjects to do a obligatory test, there was only one student who picked history out of 600 students at Quang Trung Highschool in Hanoi. In many other schools, no students at all chose history. ... Consequently, to save time, children do not pay enough attention or even ignore History. ... Another effective method to awaken students' curiosity in History is to have a televised game-show for young people to encourage them to explore not only the history and culture of the co...

• Word Count: 702
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The question of whether or not something can be considered conscious has been present throughout the history of Epistemology and Philosophy. ... The Turing Test is illustrated as an experiment in which a human has text conversations with another human and a computer programmed to imitate human communication, without knowing which is the computer and which is the other human. ... The theory by which the Turing Test operates is that if a computer can convince a human that it is a human through conversation, then such computers should be considered "thinking.... Searle made the argument in r...

• Word Count: 1527
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This, incidentally, is the principal reason that history should be at the core of any form of education. ... That is to say the "facts" in history are not always completely accurate because some historians are not careful in their research, some have some ulterior reasoning based off individual theories, or simply because the writing of an accurate history is an impossibility. ... There is a different way of looking at history now because the cut and dry facts is not what should be looked at. ... The writing of an accurate history is an impossibility. ... What happens, in real science, in r...

• Word Count: 584
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This paper will attempt to explain the history and make-up of the SAT I, as it is compared to the recent day SAT I Test. ... The history of the SAT has origins that date back to the First World War. ... Following the war, the Army Alpha was adapted and transformed for the purpose of a college admissions test, (The Big Test: SAT I, p.l) .The first test was experimentally administered to a few thousand college applicants in 1926. ... Rather an examination of a child's family tree or the educational history must take place instead. ... As it relates to parenting and family education history,...

• Word Count: 1715
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

On July 7, 1964, following one of the longest debates in senate history, Johnson signed the bill into law. ... In 1967, the Executive Order was amended to expand opportunities for women, because of their history of under appreciation. ... Duke Power Company (1971), the Court determined that tests used for employing must be related to job performance if they have a negative impact on minorities. ... The school twice had rejected him, while several minority students with test scores that were significantly lower than his had been admitted. ... Reagan had promised to put an end to affirmative act...

• Word Count: 1839
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The NCAA has a reputation which is as bad if not worse than the NFL because of the small number of players they test and the quality of testing for those players. ... One reason for this is that costs for testing for steroids can range from $100 to $200, while tests for most street drugs may only cost $25. ... Sports like baseball have had a long history of rampant steroid use and have taken effective action since they first discovered the problem. ... The rules make it so that a strict, steroid free team can play against a team with many players who have a large and colorful recent history w...

• Word Count: 1464
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In order not to disturbing the normal life of the sampled areas, we may schedule the testing during daytime. ... These records provide an up-dated immunization history for each student. ... Monitoring General Public : Tracking the occurrence rate of communicable diseases vs. individual immunization history. 3) Police Protection The public approval rate for the Houston Police Depart (HPD) reached the lowest point in its history after the K-Mart Massive Arrest and HPD Crime Lab Scandal. ... Any violation or abnormal testing result must be reported to the corresponding government units in...

• Word Count: 1170
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Minorities are often excluded from U.S. history. ... In addition to being ignored or misrepresented in history, minority students, many who are financially wanting, are subjected to the capitalistic values of society through the presentation of lessons in arithmetic textbooks. ... Testing bias is yet another aspect that leads to inequality in the educational system. On average, minorities score lower than whites on standardized tests. ... However, cultural specific content of tests, ...

• Word Count: 2650
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Their new history touches many Americans and invites each to make a personal interpretation of history. ... While committed to a particular interpretation, the historian stays faithful to evidence and determined to test the accuracy, reliability, and adequacy of every historical account. ... Progressives saw history as politics, not science. ... They led toward what came to be called "consensus history." ... In 1960s America, the assault on consensus history...

• Word Count: 2043
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

However, not all athletes are tested for taking high performance enhancing drugs and many athletes feel extremely unhappy, confused and disadvantaged due to this. ... If drug testing stopped, or if drugs were allowed to enhance an athlete's ability, it would create a negative effect on society due to a "fake" competition, taking the fun and excitement from all sports. Continued testing in today's world is necessary to protect the history of world records and best performances. Competing untested would only result in sports" history and its future becoming a mockery, and then we wou...

• Word Count: 851
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Its country-like atmosphere, good reputation, and industrial history make Cumberland an attractive place to live. ... The high school also as an attendance rate of 92.9% and many students usually score above average on standardized tests. Sixty-five percent of Cumberland High School students took the SAT test and scored an average of 532 in math and 524 in verbal while the state average was 494 in each subject. Students at Cumberland High School are also given a series of assessment tests in the tenth grade focusing on mathematics, English language skills, and writing. Unfortunately, over 50% ...

• Word Count: 462
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

After over 30 years of trial and error, Harrison developed clocks like the H1 through the H-4, time relics that forever changed Maritime History. ... The Greenwich Royal Observatory played a crucial role in navigational history. ... Greenwich developed a solution and therefore is an important part of history. ... Astronomers such as James Bradley and Nevil Maskelyne put Harrison to the test by providing their own methods that challenged Harrisons ideas. ... Finally, numerous tests proved Harrison successful in producing a product that would satisfy the requirements of the British bounty and p...

• Word Count: 935
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Risk factors for developing hirsutism include a family history of hirsutism , endocrine disorders , use of androgens (androgenic steroids or testosterone) , and older age . ... Idiopathic hirsutism is probably hereditary, because there is usually a family history of the disorder. ... Lab tests are important in medical evaluation of hirsutism but they have their limitations , too . ... Tests are ordered when there are symptoms or other reasons to suspect a disease . But a negative test does not mean there is no problem , simply that the t...

• Word Count: 1249
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Biological evolution concerns changes in living things during the history of life on Earth. ... Scientific theories are explanations of natural phenomena built up logically from testable observations and hypotheses. ... But scientists can also use fact to mean something that has been tested or observed so many times that there is no longer a compelling reason to keep testing or looking for examples. ... Many of the most important advances in paleontology over the past century relate to the evolutionary history of humans. ...

• Word Count: 756
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Separatists" churches in Holland or Plymouth required any similar test. It is unknown where, when, and how the belief and the practice did originate of testing prospective members of the church for signs of saving grace, and therefor attempting to make the visible church a spiritual approximation of the invisible church (Morgan, 65). ... They did not develop the idea in connection with church membership, as the Separatists were using the tests, for in the Anglican church they were saddled with an indiscriminate membership about which they could do nothing. ... The history of the Puritans in En...

• Word Count: 2388
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

They are not afraid that their history, their religion, their beliefs, will be overrun, or forgotten. That is because they know they are free to hold to their religion, their beliefs, their history, as each of them choose.... Philip Gleason a professor emeritus of History at the University of Notre Dame put it this way "To be or to become an American, a person did not have to be any particular national, linguistic, religious, or ethnic background. ... However this approach can be seen as unsubstantiated when one takes into account the words of Phyllis Schlafly "ISI administered a ver...

• Word Count: 1077
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Because of his history and interests in the more structured Sciences, Cattell's approach to Psychology was more attuned to empirical understanding then the Philosophically based theories such as Freud, Jung etc. ... Cattell used devices for his objective measure: word-association test, the Rorschach ink-blot, or the thematic apperception test. ... This cluster analysis will reveal which tests correlate together. The highly correlated tests are assumed to measure the same characteristics. ... His test has been the foundation for almost all current personality tests, and the original 16Pf t...

• Word Count: 1130
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Today, psychologists may perform tests to determine whether or not the defendant is mentally stable. Such tests try to ascertain whether or not a defendant can distinguish right from wrong, and whether or not he acted on an "irresistible impulse". ... Psychologists also examine all the existing evidence surrounding the case, and all past evidence pertaining to the individual's history of mental illness. ... This is because the word "insanity" may vary in severity and mental ill people would be judged "sane" if the current tests for insanity applied to them. ...

• Word Count: 613
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Additional complications come from the burning of fossil fuels such as coal and oil, and from the above-ground nuclear tests done in the 1950s and 1960s. ... Conversely, nuclear testing increased the amount of 14C in the atmosphere, which attained a maximum in 1963 of almost twice what it had been before the testing began. ... Histories of archaeology often refer to its impact as the "radiocarbon revolution". ...

• Word Count: 599
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Sinai, Drosnin claims, is encoded with the history and future of mankind, not in general, but specifically. ... He sheds light on the numerous trials that have been performed in the testing of the codes validity, from the first scientific essays to the independent testing of an unnamed code breaker for the U.S. ... Even Drosnin readily admits to his own private tests, and his failure to find anything fishy with the code. ... Drosnin is careful to use very significant events throughout history so as to peak the reader's interest and to increase the importance of the code as well. ... I ...

• Word Count: 1589
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Part I: Provide a history of the formation of the constitution and of early American government through Jefferson's Presidency. ... The history of American government starts several year before there was even an American government with a series of events mainly between the British colonies and Great Britain developing into problems that would cause a change of power to the colonists themselves. ... The second continental congress met again in 1776 and wrote and signed the Declaration on Independence on the 4th of July that year marking its place in American history as a national holiday...

• Word Count: 3055
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Indian history can be traced back over some 5,000 years. ... The history of British India begins in 1600, with the setting up of the East India Company. ... India's nuclear tests in May 1998 seriously damaged Indian-American relations. ... The United States encouraged India to sign the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty immediately and without condition. ... Some Indian languages have a long literary history--Sanskrit literature is more than 5,000 years old and Tamil 3,000. ...

• Word Count: 915
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate