He supervised the equipping of more than 220,000 volunteers before 1863, when he resigned after a Democrat was elected governor.After his return to private life, Arthur resumed his law practice in New York City and remained active in politics, making himself indispensable to the state Republican political machine run by U.S. ... Political machines organized voters for the support of a candidate, and under what was called the spoils system, the most dedicated, loyal workers expected to be awarded government jobs in return for their services to the machine. ... While Arthur was the customs colle...

• Word Count: 1646
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

What political impediments exist to the reform of the Russian economy? ... Although there was great hopes towards the reform of Russia unfortunately there have been many political impediments, which either hinder or slow down the process of reform. ... This is because there is an enormous demand for certain raw materials and goods such as telecommunications equipment, chemicals and copying machines, as well as services. ... The economic reform of Russia has opened up great opportunities for corruption. ... Russia's attempts to reform, may not have been dramatically successful, but has ...

• Word Count: 1782
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Industrial Revolution had a great effect on England's political, social and economical well being. Politically there was the Reform Bill in 1832, which deprived 57 boroughs of England to have no representatives in congress. ... The Reform Act of 1832 had benefited only the middle class. ... The means of production change the political and social structure of Europe. ... There were also political reasons like the Reform Bill and Economical reasons like Capitalism and the means of production. ...

• Word Count: 869
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

The government tried to help the working class by setting up reforms. ... Mostly workers felt they were being treated poorly or unfairly, which brought hate from the working class towards the political system. ... During the industrial revolution machines created to do work more efficiently. ... The worked were getting fed up with being treated poorly that they turned on the machines and started to destroy them (document 3). The government started reforms to solve the problems created by the industrial revolution. ...

• Word Count: 467
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: High School

It so enraged the "reform element" that they finally pressured the mayor into closing down the Ball, much to Bathhouse John's and Hinky-Dink's disgust. ... For instance, my uncle was one of Mayor Daley's, henceforth referred to as Hizzonner, 's right hand men in the days of the old machine. ... It's simply one of my favorite political stories. ... In the traditional style of machine politics, you give jobs to those who need it, and you take care of your own. ... And most satirists, at least as far as Chicago political satirists are concerned, could be called reform...

• Word Count: 3048
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: High School

Arguably this has given rise to the loss of political identity and ideology causing parties to become so called 'Election winning machines." ... The period of Blairism from 1997-2000 in many ways forced the Conservative Party to reform in a similar way to Labour in the 1980s. ... These two periods of reform the parties directed policy towards the middle ground and, in terms of ideology, represented a lack of clear blue water between the parties. ... The rise of consensus politics has also been equally detrimental to political ideology. ... Cameron and the Tories suggested that measured...

• Word Count: 1378
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Reformers attacked corruption in municipal government and formed nonpartisan leagues to defeat the well-established bosses and their political machines. ... The Reformers turned to state politics, where progressivism reached its fullest expression. In state after state, progressives advocated a wide range of political, economic, and social reforms. ... However, its legacy endured in the political reforms that it achieved and the acceptance that it won for the principle of government regulation of business. ... Problems differed from section to section In South, racial politics, in East...

• Word Count: 1563
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Another control mechanism perfected by Ceausescu was "rotation", a policy applied after 1971 to strengthen his personal power at the expense of political institutions . ... He made reforms that were selfish because he wanted to strengthen his position. ... He believed that machine building, and petrochemical industries, where the most important industries that Romania had to focus . ... He made a lot of reforms in economics, which affected the population and the country roughly. ... The government was afraid that the intelligentsia would ask for more rights in the country and therefore the gov...

• Word Count: 2728
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Another inspiration for Progressivism stemmed from dishonest politics. ... Progressives also worked to increase the political power of the voters. ... Other political reforms adopted by the state governments included home rule, the initiative, and the referendum. ... Progressives felt the need for social reforms, too. ... The Progressive movement set a pattern for future campaigns of economic, political and social reform in America. ...

• Word Count: 936
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

Within 100 years, the French were a spent force and the British possessed the most efficient military machine in the subcontinent. ... In the late 1800's, new nationalist reform movements began to develop in India. ... However, many educated Indians remained dissatisfied with these limited reforms. ... Britain's initial aim had been to politically and socially unify India. ... For most Indians, religion explains every part of life, from daily chores to education and politics. ...

• Word Count: 875
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His political and economic views were seen as drastic changes to most communist "hard-liners". ... Gorbachev attempted to stimulate the economy by focusing heavily on machine-building industry which in turn would help technological progress. ... Gorbachev's political reforms influenced the economy of Russia. In 1989 there began the nationwide elections with multi-party candidates running for political offices. ... Gorbachev's political values at this point were much like a pendulum. ...

• Word Count: 1231
• Approx Pages: 5

The Populist movement paved the way for the United States and set the tone for the political fervor that would help the Progressives with their issues. ... Instead of this movement being personal like the Populist, this movement focused on "political activism". Middleclass men and women sought to start one of the major movements in social and political reform. ... Democratization focused on the political arena. ... They were successful in "passing two important reforms to break the power of the political machines: the direct primary and at large voting". ...

• Word Count: 913
• Approx Pages: 4

Compare and contrast the image and character of political leadership as portrayed in the films "Woodrow Wilson- and "All the King's Men."" ... In 1909 Wilson's progressive programs and innovations as president of Princeton University attracted the attention of the Democratic political machine. ... A speaking tour designed to test the waters was a rousing success and Governor Wilson stepped into national politics. Stark, who rises from poverty to become the governor of his state and its most powerful political figure. Willie takes control of the state through a combination of poli...

• Word Count: 402
• Approx Pages: 2

The "Kingfish," as he was also called, began his rise to the political forefront in 1918 when he was elected to Louisiana's Railroad Commission. ... Over the course of his political career, Huey Long began creating a political machine in Louisiana similar to the one that Obama implemented in Chicago many years later. ... Long's political career was shrouded in corruption, and there have been allegations of similar underhandedness within the Obama administration as well. ... Unlike so many of Long's plans that were overshadowed by FDR's New Deal programs, Obama has been ab...

• Word Count: 855
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Throughout history people of all countries have had to deal with change on an economical, social, and political level. ... Every day new machines were being invented that would replace the jobs of many men, and only need one man to operate. ... The machines were causing productivity to go up for the businesses, with fewer workers, and with less money spent. ... The farmers were affected by the rapid development of machines to do their work. ... He used the Presidency as a vehicle for directing legislation, and signed more reform legislation than Roosevelt and Taft combined. ...

• Word Count: 1771
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

In his political writings, which deeply influenced the framers of the U.S. ... For Voltaire as for the French philosopher and dramatist Denis Diderot, the state is a machine for the creation of happiness and a positive instrument designed to check a strong nobility and a strong church, the two forces they considered most uncompromisingly dedicated to the conservation of old institutions. ... Utilitarian liberalism had an especially beneficial effect on the reform of British criminal law. ... As suffrage steadily widened in the 19th century, with the successive reform acts in Britain in 1832, ...

• Word Count: 788
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Graduate

The nation of Britain developed several political responses to protect the rights and improve the terrible conditions of the urban working class. ... By destroying factory property the government was angered and responded with it's Tory politician, Spencer Perceval, who made machine breaking a capital offence. ... The Poor Law Amendment Act was passed in 1834 to reform the system of poor relief. ... The worker's new political language was worked out on many levels simultaneously; in newspapers and pamphlets. ... The legal and political freedom gained in the first French revolution m...

• Word Count: 863
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Only small step were achieved in terms of reform. ... Due to this, reforms and changes in the industry lagged behind. ... With no reform, things only got worst, and immigrants faces the many hardships of corruption and unfair treatment and pay. ... In result, this brought the political conditions to an all time low. ... Depressions and recessions led to cyclical employment, style and weather caused seasonal employment, and machines replacing humans brought structural employment. ...

• Word Count: 1951
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

Political parties are absolutely necessary to democratic government. ... Political parties perform these functions. ... But party bosses and political machines (organizations within a party) gained control of many conventions. ... See Political convention. ... Organizing the government is a major function of political parties. ...

• Word Count: 5323
• Approx Pages: 21
• Grade Level: High School

Industrialization is the process of developing machine production of goods, which required natural resources. ... Inventors worked and developed a series of machines that transformed the industrialization time period. ... He kept military and reform. he allowed religious toleration and reform he invade Austria in 1740 this led to the war of Austrian succession. ... "(EIRH) Germany did not exist as a political unit until the latter part of the nineteenth century but around 1835 regions began to unify. ... Now luxury purchases collapsed, leading to severe unemployment and, again, a crucial ...

• Word Count: 1598
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

These demands and feelings lead to national reform because the Irish and the Germans had, in a way, created a new dominant religion, and helped create more religious diversity. Not only did the Irish and the Germans help create a more religious diversity, but they were also extremely influential in American politics. ... However, in some cases, the Irish began to gain control of city machines, and before long Irishmen dominated police departments in a large number of the larger cities. ... The Connectivity of Major Economic Changes to Changing Social and Political Developments There were sev...

• Word Count: 1294
• Approx Pages: 5

Roots of Reform Many reformers wanted a perfected society: free from cruelty, war, intoxicating drink, discrimination, and slavery. ... Most reformers were descendants of pioneer farmers. ... National Literature Before the war of 1812, there was basically no true American literature besides political essays. ... America was much slower to embrace the machine than other countries in Europe. ... This is just one of the economic and political changes following the improved methods of transportation. ...

• Word Count: 1767
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

During his short, yet impactful campaign and tenure, Washington won against democratic incumbent Jane Byrne and Richard Daley Jr.; he challenged the "windy city" political machine; a characteristic of Chicago that today still applies. ... Machine politics in Chicago were very prevalent. Chicago politics were dominated by the Democratic machine for almost fifty years led by Anton Cermak. ... He essentially put an end to the machine politics in Chicago. ... The mayor had the support of the 16 black aldermen, who were organization supporters and the support of five white aldermen that ...

• Word Count: 2286
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

The muckrakers' influence in society reached its peak between 1904 and 1908, when the exposes on patent-medicine fraud, meat processing, insurance swindles, monopolies, political corruption, and racial violence led to criminal indictments and reform legislation. ... Political bosses and machines paid off big businesses to keep them in power and used processes like padding bills and submitting false receipts. Political machines worked through exchanges of favors that only a muckraker could find out. ... Ida Tarbell worked to expose big business and political scandal. ... Without muckraking...

• Word Count: 1188
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate