Is gender innate in humans or is it a case of social constructionism? ... If sex and gender can be separated, then it may imply that gender is socially constructed. ... This notion of gender might seem quite unfounded, because if gender traits were innate, then there would be no need to learn how to behave, dress and think according to our gender. ... Thus, performativity of gender are formalized repetitions of acts, imitations of dominant conventions of gender. In 'Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of Sex', Butler (1993, p.viii) states that "one who decides on its g...

• Word Count: 3244
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Michael Marland (1983) experimented with both genders to develop a hypothesis on multiple, gendered intelligence. ... Yet, the most common ways are through standardized tests, IQ tests, and Wechsler tests (Marland 1983). ... Wechsler tests, which are similar to the other intelligence tests previously stated, tests for specific information, generally incorporating common knowledge and basic education. Marsha Obringer (1995) experiment on multiple intelligences, which can be tested through the tests previously described, found that males preformed better on all tests. ... Teachers also create...

• Word Count: 3352
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This question is very relevant when applied to genetic testing and/or pre-implantation genetic diagnosis. ... The most widespread type of genetic testing is newborn screening. ... In this case, the fetus could then be aborted when nothing was wrong, but the test had a false reading. ... Furthermore, would more people start to use race or gender as a reason to terminate. ... In the eyes of many, genetic testing and pre-implantation genetic diagnosis is morally wrong. ...

• Word Count: 1715
• Approx Pages: 7

For instance, animal testing for determining the safety of products, such as cosmetics testing. ... However, animal testing is commonly considered that the safety of people outweighs the safety of animals, thus animal testing for safety is common. which shapes have attempted to defend the rights of animals seems as a challenging task, since the custom of animal testing has been used in past decades without doubt it. ... But before a particular medication or treatment is offered to the human trials or other creature, scientists will utilize laboratory animals to test their safety and effective...

• Word Count: 3743
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

As illustrated in the not-so-fictional scenario above, gender socialization begins very early in life. ... A baby child isn't concerned with his or her gender identity. ... N ow imagine after some tests that there are no internal or external sex organs whatsoever. No ovaries, no testes, no uterus, no vagina, no penis, no glands that produce estrogen or testosterone, no semen, no eggs, no anything. ... Think about what you do everyday and how much of it relies on gender and then think about Toby. ...

• Word Count: 1784
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

Although animal testing may seem harmless, there are many things in particular which prove animal testing to be dangerous, and many alternatives. The examination of animal testing flaws, effectives on animals, prevention methods, will easily prove that animal testing is dangerous and unnecessary. ... To most people animal testing may not seem at that bad. ... It is evident that the LD50 test is cruel but it is also unscientific one figure for a single chemical can vary drastically the species, age, gender, and diet can all effect the result. ... That's simple, there is no law that banes...

• Word Count: 595
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In today's society, language plays a major role in defining gender. ... The test showed how boys and girls deal with people differently. ... Its socialization, which means parents and society treat kids differently based on certain characteristics, which in this case gender. ... In a perfect world, there would be no gender differentiation, no racial tension and no political incorrectness. ... We are slowly, and I do mean slowly, moving towards a non- gender separated society. ...

• Word Count: 1192
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Gender Roles 1 Running head: GENDER ROLE RELATIONSHIPS The Relationship between Gender Roles and Role Relationships as portrayed in Children's Books Gender Roles 2 Abstract Based on precise operational definitions for literature characters and certain characteristics, the relationship between gender roles and role relationships was tested. ... After the completion of the observations the data was tested for reliability. ... In both the reliability and Chi-Square tests the raters were given immediate feedback on the results. Results Using Cohen's Kappa test rel...

• Word Count: 1754
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography

Your gender identity is your personal sense of being either male of female. ... It is during this time that the original parental bonds formed throughout infancy are tested for their first time. ... Tests have been conducted throughout the course of time in an effort to uncover the true reasons behind the actions of both men and women. ... They are brought up watching certain television shows, and movies, with gender specific ideas in each. They are taught in gender specific ways, and punished in gender specific ways as well. ...

• Word Count: 1898
• Approx Pages: 8

Gender is the learned behavior that is associated with men and women. ... From the readings in this chapter, I have learned that when parents meet their newborn child for the first time, they tend to describe them upon gender. ... However, the reality of it all is that as of these results of the physical tests there is absolutely no variation. ... Due to our society, and how we are suppose to act because of our gender Jason describes a gay child. ... The only proven fact the separates men from women are biological testing. ...

• Word Count: 650
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

As illustrated in the not-so-fictional scenario above, gender socialization begins very early in life. ... A baby child isn't concerned with his or her gender identity. ... N ow imagine after some tests that there are no internal or external sex organs whatsoever. No ovaries, no testes, no uterus, no vagina, no penis, no glands that produce estrogen or testosterone, no semen, no eggs, no anything. ... Think about what you do everyday and how much of it relies on gender and then think about Toby. ...

• Word Count: 1786
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

The Equal Pay Act also states that no employer shall discriminate between two employees on the basis of gender by paying wages at a rate less than the opposite sex for equal work on an equal job. ... This research has given us an insight to the company in regards to gender discrimination. ... They also commented that blockbuster's policy was based upon accepted grooming practices and not based upon gender discrimination. ... They also stated that tests to prove ones physical fitness should replace the arbitrary height and weight requirements. ... If strength is a requirement, then ...

• Word Count: 1242
• Approx Pages: 5

Most gender differences happen because of subtle reinforcers given by adults. ... Gender schema is described by distinguishing certain things to be "for" certain genders. ... When these children reached 27 months, nine months later, half the children correctly identified the perceived "right" gender when asked to assign gender labels during a test. Thus, they acquired a gender schema. ... Gender is something that seems like it can't be forgotten. ...

• Word Count: 594
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: High School

In his book, "Why Gender Matters," Dr. ... Knowledge of these tests can be used to help us when we interact with others. ... This test further cements biological gender differences when it comes to certain preferences and opposes the idea that boys and girls only choose things, such as toys, based on social definitions of gender. ... Many gender stereotypes persist. ... Sax's studies about gender is huge for teachers. ...

• Word Count: 1794
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

The Department prides themselves in providing many supervisory positions to females and also broke gender barriers in two ways recently in 1990 to 1992. ... If an American citizen has the desire to serve their country, they should be able to, regardless of gender. ... The reason for that is because if only one gender is allowed in some military situations due to privacy concerns, and if females can qualify and accomplish the same physical training as males- there is no justification to say that males are that chosen gender that should have that right to serve. ... Furthermore, if this femal...

• Word Count: 1908
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Molding Gender Roles "What is gender? ... (About Gender). ... Similar to girls, there is an immense pressure on boys to fit into their gender role. On the other hand, another author, Nicolas Wade, argues that gender is a result of the human brain. ... Studies show that men and women excel in certain subject areas, causing them to perform differently on tests. ...

• Word Count: 836
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Gender and Work-Family Conflict: The Effect On Job Satisfaction ABSTRACT In this study I will examine the effects of work-family conflict on job satisfaction a they relate to gender. ... Studies examine gender differences in the influence of parenthood and social support on job satisfaction. ... Additionally, gender will dictate the strength of the relationship between work-family conflict and job satisfaction. ... I will also show how they relate to gender. ... Using the t-test, I will report the mean and standard deviation of each variable. ...

• Word Count: 1114
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In addition, factors that may be responsible for gender differences in self efficacy is with the nature of the self-belief that some gender differences in social personality may actually be a function of gender orientation. This is the stereotypical beliefs about gender that people hold. ... This created opportunities for a more gender balanced workforce. ... What came from that study is the factor of gender orientation which is the stereotypical beliefs about gender that people hold rather than their capabilities. ... These messages reinforce traditional gender role to gender-dominated domain...

• Word Count: 3820
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In both their essays, Lois Gould and Bernice Kanner address these gender oriented issues from the point of view of a male and female, for whom gender heightens the distortion and its consequences. ... In Bernice Kanner's piece a totally different approach was taken in order to spread awareness on the issue of gender. ... When all the tests are complete the doctors conclude that X is not insane or abnormal, but rather the contrary, ""Young X," said the other Xpert, frowning, "is just about the least mixed up child we've ever examined!"" ... The gender of X does not matter to th...

• Word Count: 1388
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

As students make their way throughout school they are assaulted with test after test. ... Year after year the amount, race, gender, and resulting scores of students taking standardized tests are analyzed. ... However, the controversy concerning achievement levels on standardized tests soars far beyond gender. ... Standardized testing gives a disciplined, orderly way of assessing students and test are reevaluated and adjusted quite often. Kurt Landgraf of the Education Testing Service when discussing the myths of standardized testing says. ...

• Word Count: 1787
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

These results implied that gender stereotypes might have an effect in the way that men and women perceive emotion. ... They would then be thanked and told that the purpose of the study was to understand gender differences in emotional response. ... Using an independent t-test I found that women were significantly more emotional in the "positive" cases than men, t (73) = -2.161, p = .034. ... When testing these emotions I fought with the recurring fear that I was testing the emotions of women almost exclusively; for stereotypically women view marriage, infidelity, reuniting with family, and lo...

• Word Count: 1617
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography

So, it can be easily said that gender differences are everywhere. ... As they take up cudgels for, gender differences are learnt. ... In the "Rod and Frame Test", boys can separate the rod usually from the frame and make it stand straight. ... This is causing gender differences. ... Finally, there may be some inherent gender differences due to nature and there may be some gender dif...

• Word Count: 1571
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Crossing Today's Gender Lines The distinct gender lines that have developed over time demonstrate Sexism. ... There are no classes teaching today's children how to act or behave according to their gender. ... Children usually start to define their gender identity in early preschool. ... But recently, several public schools have been test-driving separate classrooms for girls in math and science. ... Parents and teachers are not the only ones who influence a child's view of gender roles. ...

• Word Count: 1096
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School