It is the idea that new species rise from older species after thousands of years of gradual chemical, environmental, and genetic change. Evolution can be described as the complex processes by which living organisms originated on earth and have been diversified and modified through sustained changes in form and functionEvolution?. ... It is the idea that organisms with favorable variations are better able to survive and reproduce than organisms not well adaptedNatural Selection?. ... A third idea of Darwin's evolution theory is variation, meaning some individuals are better fitted to survi...

• Word Count: 2536
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

However, this is different in genetic by sequence. ... RAD creates an effective method in the discovery of polymorphisms and the variation along a population. ... These challenges include technologies used to develop restriction enzymes, the need for specific arrays for species, hybridization in each comparison created, and lack of evaluation of the variation. ... Using the genotype by sequence, it is possible to develop genetic maps that can refine unordered sequences. When a clear reference genome lacks, it is possible to use reference genetic mapping in the species in question. ...

• Word Count: 2243
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Mendel's Laws explain most of the physical variations observed in living things. ... Different combinations create variations, but these variations are limited. Each cow, person, dog, etc. has variations, but the genetic units do not permit dog-people, or cow-dogs. ... This comparison can also be made using genetic material. ... Here life appears suddenly, full-blown, complex, and diversified. ...

• Word Count: 2793
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Later, storing genetic information could have similarly been passed on to DNA. ... These molecules then diversified into a group of catalysts that could assemble ribonucleotides in RNA synthesis or accumulate lipid-like molecules to form the first cell membranes. ... Therefore, Lamarck's idea cannot be correct, mainly because these changes do not affect the genetic material. Change happens in genetic material only when games are involved. ... Darwin observed that wild animals and plants showed variations just as domesticated animals and plants did. ...

• Word Count: 2685
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: High School

In a universe of blind physical forces and genetic replication, some people are going to get hurt, and other people are going to get lucky, and you won't find any rhyme or reason in it, nor any justice. ... Through random mutations a population's genes explore the neighboring portions of "design space" (the set of all possible genetic configurations). ... In other passages design space seems to be the abstract set of all genetic possibilities, with little inherent structure. ... Thereafter few new phyla appeared -- even when mass extinctions (such as those caused by the impact of com...

• Word Count: 7861
• Approx Pages: 31
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

HISTORY: in its broadest sense, is the story of humanity's past. It also refers to the recording of that past. The diverse sources of history include books, newspapers, printed documents, personal papers, and other archival records, artifacts, and oral accounts. Historians use this material to form coherent narratives and uncover linked sequences and patterns in past events. Most histories are concerned with causality, that is, why certain outcomes happened as they did, and how they are linked to earlier events. 1 Origins of Historical Writing In preliterate societies, the acc...

• Word Count: 9269
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