The question raised is why classify crimes has hate crimes? ... Once a crime victim experiences a crime, it becomes a part of their memory. ... Crimes committed with prejudice against a certain characteristic (hate crimes) have a much longer recovery period than that of normal crimes (APA.ORG). ... Based on a type of self-defense psychology, they justified their crimes (Kressel). ... The cause for this type of hate crime is similar to the causes for racial based crimes. ...

• Word Count: 954
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• Grade Level: High School

A major tool that measures crime, and subsequently counteracts it, are crime databases. These databases include, but are not limited to, the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), Uniform Crime Report (UCR), National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS), and others. ... " The data collected on index crimes, are more complete than non-index crimes. ... The National Crime Victimization Survey and the Uniform Crime Report help us to foresee some trends in crime. ... The Uniformed Crime Reports are based on crimes reported to the police. ...

• Word Count: 1100
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In contrast, the media represents organized criminal groups based on race, class and gender in the sense the groups usually consist of Italian men who would be considered financially poor if they did not have the money that they make from their illegal activities. ... The media exposes the public to sensational crimes including organized crime, which shows that the media plays a role in the social construction and discourses of crime (Lombardo, 2010, p. 264). ... However, it is important to know that these types of conventional and violent crimes are not the only types of organized crimes. Lev...

• Word Count: 1692
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The media also is fond of reporting crime clocks based on aggregate statistics. ... Individualistic theories of crime serve to contribute support to the image of the bad crime problem and encourage punitive crime control policies. ... In order to curb crime based on the rational choice theory, lawmakers have fashioned policy around preventative measures. The foundation of preventive policy is based on controlling the physical environment. ... When influential leaders like Louis Freeh make statements based on the opinion of the masses instead of facts, the false crime problem is further worsene...

• Word Count: 1527
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Introduction Juvenile crime, particularly gang related crime, has Californians up in arms. In response to increasing gang related crimes, California voters overwhelmingly passed proposition 21 (Juvenile Crime Initiative). ... In response to increased juvenile crime, particularly violent crime, several states have enacted new programs and laws that place a greater emphasis on public safety, and imposes tougher sentences for violent juvenile crime. ... These children are doing adult time for their crimes along side more than 5,000 adult male felons. Their crimes include murder, rape, robbery and...

• Word Count: 2063
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Nature of Crime The definitions of crime are varied and complex. ... Definition one of crime is the most common and applied definition of crime. ... Definition ten is, based on the definition of crime as those that deny basic fundamental human rights. ... "What is crime?" ... In Crime in the United States , volume and rate of crime offenses for the nation. ...

• Word Count: 1580
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

It will stop them from future commission of crime. ... During the early civilization B.C., penalties were disproportionate in relation to the crime and the focus was on deterrence of crime. ... Deterrence focuses on punishment in terms of its ability to reduce crime (p. 117). ... Eventually, we moved away from the idea of reform and rehabilitation and moved to sentences based on retribution and just deserts, including capital punishment. ... Therefore, in order to say that capital punishment is a deterrent for crime, research would have to show that crime rates were reduced in regards to a par...

• Word Count: 1818
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Corporate Crime and Computer Crime will be discussed in detail. Crime preventative agencies such as the NCPC (National Crime Prevention Council) will also be researched. White Collar Crime The late Professor Edwin Sutherland coined the term white-collar crime about 1941. ... The most controversial issue in regard to the study of corporate crime revolves around the question of whether corporate crime is "really crime." ... He testified that management's decision was based on the cost savings, which would inure from omitting the fixes. ...

• Word Count: 3718
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Crime, Justice & the Media Crime and the Media seem to go hand in hand since this is how most of us hear about crime throughout the nation, and even the world. ... Newsworthiness has two factors which they base the story on before airing. ... According to the results done in a study by the National Opinion on Crime and Justice System, due to media coverage, people have more fear based on sexual assault, getting mugged, beaten up, knifed, or shot, and being burglarized while home. This tells us that the media tends to focus on those types of crimes that are more likely violent and those crim...

• Word Count: 1175
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• Grade Level: High School

i) The Crime Scene Examiner within the Police Force The main function of a Crime Scene Examiner (also known as a Scenes of Crime Officer – SOCO or Crime Scene Investigator – CSI) is to record, gather and preserve all available potential physical evidence to support the investigating officer in their inquiry [Pep05]. ... The result of that test was the only evidence linked him to the crime[Her12]. ... Crime scene investigators are therefore classed as professional witnesses [Elm10]. ... On the other hand, expert witnesses are often called upon to state conclusions and opinions based...

• Word Count: 1227
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The organization of crime, trafficking of alcohol, extortion, bribery, assault, and murder were examples of the types of crimes committed during America's Prohibition Era. ... Based on the seizures and average yield per plant, the current annual production is estimated to be about 800 tones (Statistics Canada, 2004). ... THE EXTENT OF CRIME In the present, the marijuana industry is linked to organized crime, money laundering, home invasion, extortion, assault, and murder. ... CAUSES OF CRIME Crime is considered a form of deviance from one perspective ( Sacco and Kennedy, 2002). ... ...

• Word Count: 2766
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Arrest • Arrest takes place when a person suspected of a crime is taken into custody • An arrest is considered a "seizure" under the 4th amendment and the constitution requires that seizures be reasonable. ... • If, on the basis of the information provided, the judge finds probable cause to believe that a crime has been committed and the accused committed said crime, then a warrant will be issued. No time for a Warrant • Police can make a warrant-less arrest based on probable cause • Probable cause is defined as a reasonable belief that a p...

• Word Count: 468
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• Grade Level: High School

There are numerous programs that focus on law enforcement, crime, and crime scene investigators. ... In every show, crimes are solved rather quickly. ... This leaves one with the feeling that there is always evidence left at a crime scene and once collected, the perpetrator of the crime will be caught directly. ... The show glamorizes the crime scene investigator; giving the appearance that being a crime scene investigator is thrilling and fast paced. ... Movies as well as court dramas on television show that dangerous criminal routinely have their case thrown out of court or not even make i...

• Word Count: 3151
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Hate that is based on race, religion, and sexual orientation can exist within any cultural rich society. ... People have discriminated against others based upon these attributes from the beginning of time. Prejudice has become a complex problem in society today and much of the world's history is based upon such hatred. ... Society is riddled with such hatred based upon peoples" benefits and origins and it seems millions are fighting each other for no relevant reason at all. ... Many people try to fight these hate crimes. ...

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Hate that is based on race, religion, and sexual orientation can exist within any cultural rich society. ... People have discriminated against others based upon these attributes from the beginning of time. Prejudice has become a complex problem in society today and much of the world's history is based upon such hatred. ... Society is riddled with such hatred based upon peoples" benefits and origins and it seems millions are fighting each other for no relevant reason at all. ... Many people try to fight these hate crimes. ...

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Many female offenders are usually charged with drug related crimes. Even one out of three women in prison are in there because of drug related crimes. ... Another problem is that all of our laws and regulations are based on a male ideology. ... The high rise of crime has the community picketing for "tough on crime." As the result of "tough on crime" our prisons have been overfilling, and overflowing. ...

• Word Count: 1258
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• Grade Level: High School

Unfortunately, the Uniform Crime Reports do not record all reported crimes. ... Aggravated assault falls under the Violent Crime Index whereas larceny and burglary fall under the Property Crime Index of the Part I Index Crimes. ... Ever since the transition from agricultural-based to industrial-based societies developing cities have been hotbeds for crime. ... A group of people who accept crime as a cultural norm will continue to commit crime at much higher levels. ... The most common crimes in an area are going to be the crimes that the most common people are able to commit. ...

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Canada has developed policies and laws that are based on the principles that terrorism must be prevented, perpetrators of terrorist acts must be brought to swift justice, and terrorists should be denied sanctuary and support. ... Cyber crime consists of specific crimes dealing with computers and networks (such as hacking) and the facilitation of traditional crime through the use of computers (child pornography, hate crimes, telemarketing /Internet fraud). In addition to cyber crime, there is also "computer-supported crime" which covers the use of computers by criminals for communication an...

• Word Count: 503
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• Grade Level: Graduate

Transnational crime has been rising steadily as the world transitions more and more towards globalization. The term "transnational" refers to crimes that are not only international (crimes that cross borders between countries), but crimes that by their nature encompass cross-border transference as a crucial part of the criminal activity. ... Arms and Drug Trafficking Although transnational crime is a global problem, the effects of crimes associated with them are greatly felt at a local level (White House, 2014). ... Links Between Terrorism and Organized Crime As stated by Russell, J. ... This ...

• Word Count: 1757
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

So much in fact that as a nation we find our selves out of a service economy and into an information based economy. ... Also included in the description or computer crime is the unauthorized invasion or trespass of data base systems of private companies or government agencies. According to Schamalleger (1999) computer crime is also described as any violation of a federal or state computer crime statue. ... Maxfield (1989) suggested that hackers could be classified into the following groups based on their psychological characteristics: pioneers, scamps, explorers, game players, vandals, and...

• Word Count: 3207
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• Grade Level: High School

A questionnaire-based survey is used for the BCS, as it is the cheapest, quickest and most easily quantifiable form of research methodology for such large-scale social surveys. ... The questionnaire-based survey also cuts down the opportunity for interviewer bias and demand characteristics. Perhaps the most limiting aspect of a questionnaire-based survey is the inability to prompt, probe and clarify certain areas of enquiry. ... The perception of crime is something that cannot be addressed in a questionnaire-based survey. The perception of crime affects more people than crime itself. ...

• Word Count: 1355
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

As Robert Sampson states, "everybody believes that poverty causes crime," but this materialist point of view is insufficient. It does nothing to explain why crime increases occur during times of economic growth, white-collar crime, the weak correlation between social class and crime, or the epidemics of violence in wealthy countries (Sampson 711). ... Although Sampson believes that crime is indeed based in the social as opposed to biological contexts, he asserts that social processes on the community level are to blame, not individual background traits (Sampson 713-14). Another argument for...

• Word Count: 1100
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There is much deliberation on the definition of crime, because it ia viewed differently in every culture. ... The interactionist view is based on a number of assumptions which fall between the two previously discussed theories because it maintains that there is no moral right or wrong, but rather changes in moral standards which affect the legal constraints of society. ... One thing most psychologists agree upon is the belief that before an actual crime occurs it has to be committed - so without an action there is no crime. The Oxford Dictionary (2011) states crime is "an act that is illega...

• Word Count: 418
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Existing state laws to combat gender-based hate crimes are ineffective. ... Three states and the District of Columbia impose tougher penalties for crimes based on political affiliation. ... Even with federal jurisdiction over gender-based hate crimes, the federal government's jurisdiction would remain limited to only the most violent gender-based hate crimes, as it is under current law. ... The dictionary defines a hate crime as "any of various crimes... when motivated by hostility to the victim as a member of a group (as one based on color, creed, gender, or sexual orientation)." ... Th...

• Word Count: 1190
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Existing state laws to combat gender-based hate crimes are ineffective. ... Three states and the District of Columbia impose tougher penalties for crimes based on political affiliation. ... Even with federal jurisdiction over gender-based hate crimes, the federal government's jurisdiction would remain limited to only the most violent gender-based hate crimes, as it is under current law. ... The dictionary defines a hate crime as "any of various crimes... when motivated by hostility to the victim as a member of a group (as one based on color, creed, gender, or sexual orientation)." ... Th...

• Word Count: 1199
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate