The Cardinals chose an archbishop, who became Pope Urban VI. Pope Urban VI gradually lost the support of many church leaders, which led the French cardinals to elect their own pope, Clement VII. ... Pope Urban VI gained support from England, Ireland, the Holy Roman Empire, and Scandinavia. At the same time, Pope Clement VII gained support from Spain, France, Sicily, and Scotland (Jordan, 1996, 45). ...

• Word Count: 646
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

It started when Philip the Fair of France pressured Pope Clement V to settle and live in Avignon (in southeastern France), and due to Clements illness, he was too weak to resist the demand. ... Unanimously, a distinguished administrator, the archbishop of Bari took power as Pope Urban VI (1378-1389). ... The Roman cardinals, suffering from severe criticism and opposition of Pope Urban held a meeting in Anagni where they proceeded to elect Cardinal Robert of Geneva as Antipope Clement VII. ...

• Word Count: 534
• Approx Pages: 2

John XXII (1316-1334) was heavily intent on sanitizing the church finances and reforming church administration, which were disastrous after the rule of Clement V. ... Benedicts well off deeds were undone in large part due to Clement VI (1342-1352) and his spendthrift ways. ... With growing pressure from the crowds of Rome; Urban VI was elected as pope, while many French cardinals were still in Avignon. Urban VI, an Italian, was not exactly a tactful personality, insulting and threatening the French cardinals who in turn decide the election was due to pressure and not valid. In the new elec...

• Word Count: 1761
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The man chosen, Urban VI, was not a Roman nor Italian, but a Neapolitan with no experience in policy making. ... They then elected one of their own as Pope Clement VII. For the next three decades the church was divided along national, political, and religious lines between the papal claimants - the Roman line of Urban VI, Boniface IX, Innocent VII, and Gregory XII, and the Avignon line of Clement VII and Benedict XIII. ...

• Word Count: 1164
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

Pope Clement VII threw out that claim because he had given Henry special dispensation to marry Catherine. ... With no cooperation, Henry decided to use Parliament to pressure Pope Clement VII into annulling his marriage. ... Pope Clement VII then excommunicated Henry and the entire nation of England. ... Henry VIII died in 1547, and was succeeded by his only son, Edward VI. ...

• Word Count: 1221
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Pope Clement VI's "luxurious court and gorgeous retinue were those of a secular prince, not a prince of the church- (Kelly 220). ... Alexander VI created eighty previously non-existent offices, each going for a price of about 19,000 dollars apiece (Durant 19). ... Alexander VI fathered several illegitimate children, four of which were those children of his friend, whom he provided with benefices and spectacular marriages. ...

• Word Count: 1366
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Pope Clement VI's "luxurious court and gorgeous retinue were those of a secular prince, not a prince of the church- (Kelly 220). ... Alexander VI created eighty previously non-existent offices, each going for a price of about 19,000 dollars apiece (Durant 19). ... Alexander VI fathered several illegitimate children, four of which were those children of his friend, whom he provided with benefices and spectacular marriages. ...

• Word Count: 1267
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

Philip of France was able to manipulate the appointment of Clement V for the papacy and with that the Church was moved to Avignon, France. ... Bartolomeo Prignano, Urban VI, and Clement VII would all claim the right to the papal office, with Clement VII winning out and the papacy moving once again to Avignon. ... Alexander VI bribing of the cardinals to win his election to the papal throne was another smudge upon the church. ...

• Word Count: 2257
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

According to Cardinal Campeggio, Henry VIII asked him to pressure Pope Clement VII to announce that the king's previous marriage to Catherine of Aragon was null and voice through the Divine Law1. When Pope Clement refused because Pope Julius II had granted King Henry VIII dispensation to marry Catherine in the first place, Henry contemplated splitting from the church solely to fulfill his matrimonial plans. ... Furthermore, after the death of King Henry VIII, Parliament moved quickly to establish their supremacy in the regency government made necessary by the youth of the new king, Edw...

• Word Count: 1169
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Ciacco prophesizes of Florence's political future, "After many words given and taken/ it shall come to blood; White shall rise over Black There, pride, avarice, and envy are the tongues/ men know and heed, a Babel of despair (canto VI, 61-72)." ... Nicholas also proclaims that Pope Clement V will follow Boniface and face the same tortures that Boniface did. ...

• Word Count: 838
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

When recognizing what was happening around him, Pope Clement VI realized that nothing would be gained from his death and sought refuge in his chambers spending days sitting between two roaring fires on either side of him. ...

• Word Count: 1439
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

When recognizing what was happening around him, Pope Clement VI realized that nothing would be gained from his death and sought refuge in his chambers spending days sitting between two roaring fires on either side of him. ...

• Word Count: 1562
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Henry VIII, born in 1491, was the second son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. Henry VIII began his reign in 1509 at the age of 18 years old. He seemed to be the perfect king: handsome, rich, athletic and intelligent; he loved music and wrote some as well.  Henry married Catherine Aragon, the wid...

• Word Count: 1032
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

When recognizing what was happening around him, Pope Clement VI realized that nothing would be gained from his death and sought refuge in his chambers spending days sitting between two roaring fires on either side of him. ...

• Word Count: 1426
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

Under the protection of his father, Pope Alexander VI, Cesare was engaged in consolidating the Papal States, and Machiavelli was in attendance upon him at the time of his greatest triumph. ... As the "Florentine Secretary," he was present a few month later in Rome when the end of Cesare came to pass with disgrace following the death of Alexander VI. ... He was finally appointed by Pope Clement VII to organize a city militia, such as he had defended in previous writings, but the lack of assistance from men with whom he was assigned the task led to little productivity. ...

• Word Count: 2714
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: High School

Pope Clement VI's "luxurious court and gorgeous retinue were those of a secular prince, not a prince of the church" writes author JND Kelly (220). ... "Alexander VI created eighty previously non-existent offices, each going for a price of about 19,000 dollars apiece Julius II and Leo X created a similar number of these offices, which would run around the same price" (Durant 19). ...

• Word Count: 2816
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: High School

Throughout the history of England, many conflicts have arisen over the rightful heir to the throne. The most infamous of these conflicts centered on the controversy of a female heir. One was in 1135 during the reign of King Stephen, the other was 415 years later with the death of Henry VIII. These two events changed not only the course of English history, but also changed the minds of a country in regards to gender roles and the crown. The History of the Norman Kings The Reign of Stephen would not be complete without a history of the Norman Conquest. ...

• Word Count: 4692
• Approx Pages: 19
• Grade Level: High School

From that year until the end of his life he worked to overthrow what he saw as the tyranny of Pope John XXII (1316-1334) and of his successors Popes Benedict XII (1334-1342) and Clement VI (1342-1352). ...

• Word Count: 4607
• Approx Pages: 18