The juvenile court has the authority to impose a sanction involving either the juvenile or adult correction systems. ... The juvenile court has the authority to impose a sanction involving both the juvenile and adult correction systems. Normally, the adult sanction is suspended unless there is a violation whereas it is invoked. ... The criminal court has the authority to impose a sanction involving either the juvenile or adult correction systems. ... The criminal court has the authority to impose a sanction involving both the juvenile and adult correction systems. ...

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Criminal minds are complex. ... Believe it or not, a criminal's brain is not like yours. ... Classical criminology observes that "people have free will to choose criminal or conventional behaviorsand that crime can be controlled only by the fear of criminal sanctions (Siegel). ... Each criminal has a unique set of characteristics that explain behavior. ... Bio criminologists believe that criminals are genetically predetermined. ...

• Word Count: 1551
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The criminal justice system is composed of police agencies, corrections agencies and courts that run on the national, state and local level. ... The criminal justice system is designed to achieve the wider purpose we have called justice. ... The imposition of a criminal sanction by a judicial authority must occur before a person gets incarcerated. ... It is a court order sanction. According to Schmalleger, F (2003) Criminal Justice Today An Introductory Text For The 21st century (7th ed) The purpose of probation is to obtain control over criminal offenders while using community programs to ...

• Word Count: 1433
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

These courts are very small, and are often influenced politically and socially. 2) Explain the role/functions of the judge in the criminal justice system: Judges play the most important role in the criminal justice system. ... In this system the judges take an active role in investigating the case and asking questions of witnesses in court. 4) Explain the role/functions of the prosecutor in the criminal justice system: Prosecutors are responsible for pressing charges of criminals while upholding the law and the rights of the accused. ... Prosecutors also use discretion when recommending...

• Word Count: 2266
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: High School

This force comes in the form of sanctions. ... Formal negative sanctions are laws. ... When a culture cannot control unacceptable behavior through positive sanctions, social controls and stronger negative sanctions are brought into play. ... For someone lacking a social conscience, criminal behavior can be a way of life. Therefore, the penalties for criminal behavior must be high, including imprisonment and even death. ...

• Word Count: 691
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• Has Bibliography

If we break a law it may result in a sanction such as a community based order or even imprisonment. ... - laws give members of society rights and obligations - laws should reflect a communities values and change if the values change The Characteristics of an Effective Law - known to the public - able to be understood - acceptable to the community (reflect values of the majority) - able to change to meet changing demands - stable (consistent) - able to be enforced Criminal Law and Civil law Criminal laws are implemented for the protection of the community as a whole. ... When an in...

• Word Count: 534
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: High School

Many of these Criminal Code offences are similar to offences outlined in provincial statutes; the Criminal Code offence is always considered a more serious one. The UCR (Uniform Crime Report) records include only reported incidents that violate traffic offences identified in the Criminal Code. In 1998, police reported 140 536 incidents involving Criminal Code traffic crimes, resulting in a rate 10 percent below that of the previous year (464 per 100 000 population compared with 517 in 1997). ... In Canada, there are very few offences that carry a minimum sanction. Included among them are ...

• Word Count: 582
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

After taking care of the immediate concerns of victim services, policy makers with the urgings of victim advocate groups, made assumptions of "specific deterrence", emphasizing "the application of legal sanctions through arrest and prosecution of assailants or the threat of legal sanctions through civil legal remedies that carried criminal penalties if violated" (Fagan 2). The "criminalization" of domestic violence cases began in 70's, aiming to increase the certainty and severity of legal responses, since police responses at the time were "characterized by indifference" (Fagan 47) or in...

• Word Count: 2411
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

A specific and well known quote by Judge Thomas Cooley stated that "due process of law in each particular case means such an exertion of the powers of government as the settled maxims of law permit and sanction, and under such safeguards for the protection of individual rights as those maxims prescribe for the class of cases to which the one in question belongs. ... One large principle of due process in relation to the criminal justice system is in the fourth amendment of the U.S Constitution. ... When look at this amendment there are several parts that are related to the due process of crimin...

• Word Count: 3780
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

The Dalton case shows the dilemmas faced by the component agencies of the criminal justice system, police, courts, and corrections, which have been established to apprehend, adjudicate, sanction and treat criminal offenders. ... What is the Criminal Justice system Criminal justice refers to the agencies fo government charged with enforcing law, adjudicating crime, and correcting criminal conduct. ... Only the criminal justice system has the power to control crime and punish criminal. The contemporary criminal justice system is monumental in size. ... The criminal courts The cri...

• Word Count: 2061
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Now it is reasonable to assume that, especially within the western world, the dictator of Iraq, Saddam Hussein, is an international criminal and vindicator of terror. ... After the Gulf War the United Nations imposed heavy sanctions on Iraq, to not only punish, but to help ensure that war didn't occur again. Sanctions are not a new a thing and there has been many cases throughout history where a country has had sanctions imposed upon it, for example Germany. Admittedly some of these sanctions should be lifted, but others such is those that involve weapons of mass destruction, are absolute...

• Word Count: 865
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It can call on UN members to act and apply economic sanctions and even military sanctions . ... These sanctions imposed on Iraq after its invasion of Kuwait led to widespread civilian suffering. ... For obvious reasons, these facts resulted in social dissatisfaction and they increased misery and criminal activity. ... Having realized the misery that the economic sanctions had caused to ordinary people in Iraq, the SC made an exception to help them. ... It insisted that the sanctions should be no longer implemented as they had fully complied with UN demands. ...

• Word Count: 2300
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Today these menaces to society are more commonly called criminal offenders. As long as we have criminal offenders we are going to need some type of sanction to detain, manage, or rehabilitate them so that they may function as a productive part of society. ... In these programs and sanctions there has to be some type of treatment involve that will point out the risk factors in the offender and treat that risk factor. ... About 80% of criminals in prison don't have a high school diploma. ... It is having a counter effect by raising the amount of criminals. ...

• Word Count: 1178
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

General deterrence seeks to deter the public from criminal behavior through the punishment of offenders. "Deterrence is based on the perceived certainty, severity, and celerity of detection and sanction" (Vingilis 645). ... People who encourage countermeasures of the above types feel that criminal justice sanctions should be applies only to those who are culpable. ... The first is that, generally, non-criminal measures do not satisfy the public's outcry for retribution. ... Despite years of sanction, drunk driving continues to be a serious social problem. ...

• Word Count: 1627
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

These laws were created to impose criminal penalties to those persons who create an unauthorized copy of an authors" work. ... Strong has stated that prior to 1976, for example, the maximum criminal sanction for the willful infringement of a copyright by an individual constituted a misdemeanor penalty of $1,000 and one year in prison. 3 After 1992, by contrast, the maximum criminal sanction for the willful infringement of a copyright by an individual constituted a felony charge. ...

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If rights given by domestic law are violated, the law will impose sanctions on the violators and/or pay damages to the victim. ... The CRC, like International Labour Organisation (ILO) Convention (No. 138), provides that sanctions should be taken up to ensure the effective enforcement of the measures it provides. Sanctions in respect of the enforcement of labour law are necessary but not sufficient. ... The optional procedure to the CRC on the Sale of Children, child Prostitution, and pornography makes the sexual exploitation of children an international criminal offence. ... But as mentioned ...

• Word Count: 888
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

If certain behaviour is considered morally wrong, that alone is not enough for the creation of a criminal offence, as well as victim-less-crimes are not proper grounds to sanction people for things that merely only harm themselves. ... Individuals should have the right to personal determination, for there is no criminal sanction for attempting suicide or for injuring oneself and, by any means the arguments for criminalizing others who injure someone with his or her consent; these should not affect a person's liberty to engage in sex. ... Moreover, any health problems draw from prostitut...

• Word Count: 2810
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Criminal sanctions against drug use is limiting the right for adults to make their own decisions to use substances no more dangerous than others now available legally. ... Criminalizing drug use fails to reduce it. ... It would allow a reduction in spending on the criminal justice system, end the steady increase in arrests and imprisonment's, and cut the crime rate (Bender 16). ... This in not a serious problem since there would be an absence of criminal sanctions and a black market for marijuana. Another argument is that only through law enforcement and criminal justice pressure do add...

• Word Count: 1341
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

Deviance can be expected because of a number of factors such as the lack of direct supervision, the amount of discretionary power that the rank and file officers hold, the frequent contacts that are made with criminal individuals, and the tendency of their subculture to be reluctant in recognizing and condemning police deviance. ... After the complaint is filed the allegation is investigated by the officer's senior supervisor, who also decides on the appropriate sanction. ... Possible police sanctions include fines, verbal or written warnings, suspension, demotion, dismissal, and most co...

• Word Count: 1063
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

For example, Maori are 3.3 times more likely to be apprehended for a criminal offence than non-Maori. ... Along with the extremely alarming over representation of Maori in NZ prisons there has also been an increase in the punitive nature of the sanction being placed on those in the adult justice system in NZ. ... As a consequence custodial sentences are becoming more prevalent as a response to criminal activity. ... "Prison does work to prevent criminals harming innocent citizens. ... Criminals will spend more time in jail. ...

• Word Count: 1635
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

They could establish a Panel of Experts to assist the Sanctions Committee of monitoring implementation. Along the same lines, they could choose to allow the Sanctions Committee to take action against crime and criminals themselves. ...

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"The current offense may not be serious, but they have a criminal history that really spells danger. ... "Three strikes and you"re out" as typology for criminal justice sanctioning is not easily defined. "Three strikes" incapacitates active criminals, who can no longer commit crimes against the public. ... "Three strikes" re-introduces into our collective consciousness a moral imperative that criminal activity should not be tolerated in any way. Most importantly it reduced crime by providing a solid and unquestionable deterrent to criminal behavior. ...

• Word Count: 705
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate